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Genetic Polymorphism of Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase ( ALAD ) Gene and Symptoms of Chronic Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Children within the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Listed:
  • Jamila Alessandra Perini

    (Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil)

  • Mayara Calixto Silva

    (Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil)

  • Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos

    (Laboratório de Educação Profissional em Vigilância em Saúde, Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (EPSJV/Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil)

  • Paulo Victor Sousa Viana

    (Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CRPHF/ENSP/Fiocruz), Estrada de Curicica, 2000-Curicica, Rio de Janeiro 22780-195, RJ, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Oliveira Lima

    (Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (SEAMB/IEC/SVS/MS), Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n-Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil)

  • Iracina Maura Jesus

    (Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (SEAMB/IEC/SVS/MS), Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n-Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil)

  • Joseph William Kempton

    (Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Medical School Building, St Mary’s Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK)

  • Rogério Adas Ayres Oliveira

    (Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil)

  • Sandra Souza Hacon

    (Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil)

  • Paulo Cesar Basta

    (Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil)

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms involved in mercury toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics may be associated with severe mercury toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an ALAD polymorphism on chronic mercury exposure and the health situation of indigenous children from the Brazilian Amazon. One-hundred-and-three indigenous children (under 15 years old) were included and genotyped (rs1800435) using a TaqMan validated assay. The mean age was 6.6 ± 4.5 years old, 60% were female, 49% presented with anemia, and the mean hair mercury concentration was 7.0 ± 4.5 (1.4–23.9) µg/g, with 49% exceeding the reference limit (≥6.0 µg/g). Only two children were heterozygous ALAD , while the others were all wild type. Minor allele frequency ( ALAD G ) and heterozygous genotype ( ALAD CG ) were 1% and 2%, respectively. The two children (12 and 14 years old) with the ALAD polymorphism had mercury levels above the average as well as had neurological symptoms related to chronic mercury exposure, such as visual field alterations, memory deficit, distal neuropathy, and toe amyotrophy. Both children also reported frequent consumption of fish in the diet, at least three times a week. In conclusion, our data confirm that an ALAD polymorphism can contribute to mercury half-life time, harmful effects, and neuropsychological disorders in indigenous children with chronic mercury exposure to gold mining activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamila Alessandra Perini & Mayara Calixto Silva & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & Paulo Victor Sousa Viana & Marcelo Oliveira Lima & Iracina Maura Jesus & Joseph William Kempton & Rogério Adas , 2021. "Genetic Polymorphism of Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase ( ALAD ) Gene and Symptoms of Chronic Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Children within the Brazilian Amazon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8746-:d:617365
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rogério Adas Ayres de Oliveira & Bruna Duarte Pinto & Bruno Hojo Rebouças & Daniel Ciampi de Andrade & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & Paulo Cesar Basta, 2021. "Neurological Impacts of Chronic Methylmercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Adults: Somatosensory, Motor, and Cognitive Abnormalities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Paulo Cesar Basta & Paulo Victor de Sousa Viana & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & André Reynaldo Santos Périssé & Cristina Barroso Hofer & Natalia Santana Paiva & Joseph William Kempton & Danie, 2021. "Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-32, September.
    3. Robert Siblerud & Joachim Mutter & Elaine Moore & Johannes Naumann & Harald Walach, 2019. "A Hypothesis and Evidence That Mercury May be an Etiological Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Virginia Andreoli & Francesca Sprovieri, 2017. "Genetic Aspects of Susceptibility to Mercury Toxicity: An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-25, January.
    5. Nathália Santos Serrão de Castro & Marcelo De Oliveira Lima, 2018. "Hair as a Biomarker of Long Term Mercury Exposure in Brazilian Amazon: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Claudia M. Vega & Jesem D.Y. Orellana & Marcos W. Oliveira & Sandra S. Hacon & Paulo C. Basta, 2018. "Human Mercury Exposure in Yanomami Indigenous Villages from the Brazilian Amazon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paulo Cesar Basta & Paulo Victor de Sousa Viana & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & André Reynaldo Santos Périssé & Cristina Barroso Hofer & Natalia Santana Paiva & Joseph William Kempton & Danie, 2021. "Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-32, September.
    2. Heloisa do Nascimento de Moura Meneses & Marcelo Oliveira-da-Costa & Paulo Cesar Basta & Cristiano Gonçalves Morais & Romulo Jorge Batista Pereira & Suelen Maria Santos de Souza & Sandra de Souza Haco, 2022. "Mercury Contamination: A Growing Threat to Riverine and Urban Communities in the Brazilian Amazon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Jamila A. Perini & Mayara C. da Silva & Lorena V. Correa & Yasmin M. Silva & Renato M. Borges & Maria de Fátima R. Moreira, 2022. "Chronic Cadmium Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a Population Exposed to Steel Slag in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.
    4. Joeseph William Kempton & André Reynaldo Santos Périssé & Cristina Barroso Hofer & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & Paulo Victor de Sousa Viana & Marcelo de Oliveira Lima & Iracina Maura de Jesu, 2021. "An Assessment of Health Outcomes and Methylmercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Women of Childbearing Age and Their Children under 2 Years Old," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-23, September.

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