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Associations between Metal Exposures and Cognitive Function in American Older Adults

Author

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  • Nozomi Sasaki

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA)

  • David O. Carpenter

    (Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
    Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA)

Abstract

Cognitive function frequently declines with older age, independently of the development of neurodegenerative diseases, and few interventions are known to counter this decline. Exposure to neurotoxic metals may contribute to this decline in cognitive function in older adults. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, the performance of 3042 adults aged 60 years and older on three cognitive tests for immediate, delayed, and working memory were examined in relation to blood concentrations of seven metals and metalloids and urinary concentrations of nineteen metals and metabolites. Using linear regression models, associations between cognitive tests and logarithms of metal exposures were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, depression, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. Increased selenium was strongly associated with better performance on all three cognitive tests. Cadmium and lead were negatively associated with performance on all three cognitive tests. Some urinary metabolites of arsenic, urinary lead, cadmium, and tungsten were significantly associated with poor performance on some tests. In older adults, higher selenium levels were strongly associated with better cognitive performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Nozomi Sasaki & David O. Carpenter, 2022. "Associations between Metal Exposures and Cognitive Function in American Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2327-:d:752043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sid E. O’Bryant & Melissa Edwards & Chloe V. Menon & Gordon Gong & Robert Barber, 2011. "Long-Term Low-Level Arsenic Exposure Is Associated with Poorer Neuropsychological Functioning: A Project FRONTIER Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Patricia Richter & Obaid Faroon & R. Steven Pappas, 2017. "Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, September.
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