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Pristine and Magnetic Kenaf Fiber Biochar for Cd 2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

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  • Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
    Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Noorfidza Yub Harun

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia
    Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Suriati Sufian

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 31750, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Roil Bilad

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Zaki Yamani Zakaria

    (School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Haetham G. Mohammed

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

Abstract

Development of strategies for removing heavy metals from aquatic environments is in high demand. Cadmium is one of the most dangerous metals in the environment, even under extremely low quantities. In this study, kenaf and magnetic biochar composite were prepared for the adsorption of Cd 2+ . The synthesized biochar was characterized using (a vibrating-sample magnetometer VSM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption batch study was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics on Cd 2+ adsorption. The characterization results demonstrated that the biochar contained iron particles that help in improving the textural properties (i.e., surface area and pore volume), increasing the number of oxygen-containing groups, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption study results show that optimum adsorption was achieved under pH 5–6. An increase in initial ion concentration and solution temperature resulted in increased adsorption capacity. Surface modification of biochar using iron oxide for imposing magnetic property allowed for easy separation by external magnet and regeneration. The magnetic biochar composite also showed a higher affinity to Cd 2+ than the pristine biochar. The adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 47.90 mg/g.

Suggested Citation

  • Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed & Noorfidza Yub Harun & Suriati Sufian & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Zaki Yamani Zakaria & Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba & Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb & Haetham G. Mohammed, 2021. "Pristine and Magnetic Kenaf Fiber Biochar for Cd 2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:7949-:d:602687
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed & Noorfidza Yub Harun & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Muhammad T. Afzal & Ashak Mahmud Parvez & Farah Amelia Shahirah Roslan & Syahirah Abdul Rahim & Vimmal Desiga Vinayagam & Haruna K, 2021. "Moisture Content Impact on Properties of Briquette Produced from Rice Husk Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi & Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha & Nicholas Chileshe & Mohammed Abdulrab & Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed & Ahmed Farouk Kineber, 2021. "Modelling the Relationship between the Nature of Work Factors and Driving Performance Mediating by Role of Fatigue," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Fei Huang & Lu Zhang & Ren-Ren Wu & Si-Ming Zhang & Rong-Bo Xiao, 2020. "Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd 2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Giuseppe Genchi & Maria Stefania Sinicropi & Graziantonio Lauria & Alessia Carocci & Alessia Catalano, 2020. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
    5. Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed & Noorfidza Yub Harun & Suriati Sufian & Ahmer Ali Siyal & Muhammad Zulfiqar & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Arvind Vagananthan & Amin Al-Fakih & Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb & Najib , 2020. "Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-15, December.
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    2. Nura Shehu Aliyu Yaro & Muslich Hartadi Sutanto & Noor Zainab Habib & Aliyu Usman & Jibrin Mohammed Kaura & Abdulfatai Adinoyi Murana & Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa & Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Biochar Utilization for Low-Carbon Flexible Asphalt Pavements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-32, April.

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