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Could Kallikrein-Related Serine Peptidase 3 Be an Early Biomarker of Environmental Exposure in Young Women?

Author

Listed:
  • Salvatore Raimondo

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Mariacira Gentile

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Giusy Esposito

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Tommaso Gentile

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Ida Ferrara

    (Medical Center “Gunè”, 80011 Acerra, Italy)

  • Claudia Crescenzo

    (Clinic Center “HERA”, 80014 Giugliano, Italy)

  • Mariangela Palmieri

    (Clinic Center “HERA”, 80014 Giugliano, Italy)

  • Felice Cuomo

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Stefania De Filippo

    (“Gentile s.a.s.” Research Center, 80054 Gragnano, Italy)

  • Gennaro Lettieri

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy)

  • Marina Piscopo

    (Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy)

  • Luigi Montano

    (Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (Eco-FoodFertility Project), “Ospedale San Francesco D’Assisi”, Oliveto Citra, 84020 Salerni, Italy
    PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Bisphenols and phthalates affect androgen receptor-mediated signaling that directly regulates Kallikrein-Related serine Peptidase 3 (KLK3) secretion, indicating that environmental factors may play a role in KLK3 secretion. With the aim of obtaining preliminary data on whether KLK3 could serve as an early marker of environmental pollution effects, in 61 and 58 healthy women living in a high environmental impact (HEI) and low environmental impact (LEI) area, respectively, serum KLK3 levels at different phases of menstrual cycle were measured. KLK3 values resulted in always being higher in the HEI group with respect to the LEI group. These differences were particularly relevant in the ovulatory phase (cycle day 12°–13°) of the menstrual cycle. The differences in KLK3 values during the three phases of the menstrual cycle were significant in the LEI group differently from the HEI group. In addition, higher progesterone levels were observed in the LEI group with respect to the HEI group in the luteal phase, indicating an opposite trend of KLK3 and progesterone in this phase of the menstrual cycle. Although changes in KLK3 could also depend on other factors, these preliminary data could be an early indication of an expanding study of the role of biomarkers in assessing early environmental effects for female reproductive health.

Suggested Citation

  • Salvatore Raimondo & Mariacira Gentile & Giusy Esposito & Tommaso Gentile & Ida Ferrara & Claudia Crescenzo & Mariangela Palmieri & Felice Cuomo & Stefania De Filippo & Gennaro Lettieri & Marina Pisco, 2021. "Could Kallikrein-Related Serine Peptidase 3 Be an Early Biomarker of Environmental Exposure in Young Women?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8833-:d:619167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alfredo Mazza & Prisco Piscitelli & Andrea Falco & Maria Lucia Santoro & Manuela Colangelo & Giovanni Imbriani & Adele Idolo & Antonella De Donno & Leopoldo Iannuzzi & Annamaria Colao, 2018. "Heavy Environmental Pressure in Campania and Other Italian Regions: A Short Review of Available Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
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    3. Giuseppe Genchi & Maria Stefania Sinicropi & Graziantonio Lauria & Alessia Carocci & Alessia Catalano, 2020. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
    4. Anna Merklinger-Gruchala & Grazyna Jasienska & Maria Kapiszewska, 2017. "Effect of Air Pollution on Menstrual Cycle Length—A Prognostic Factor of Women’s Reproductive Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, July.
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    6. Cezary Wojtyla & Karolina Zielinska & Paulina Wojtyla-Buciora & Grzegorz Panek, 2020. "Prenatal Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Exposure and Pregnancy Outcomes—Analysis of Term Pregnancies in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-9, August.
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    1. Alessandra Gallo, 2022. "Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Pasquale Perrone & Gennaro Lettieri & Carmela Marinaro & Valentina Longo & Simonetta Capone & Angiola Forleo & Sebastiana Pappalardo & Luigi Montano & Marina Piscopo, 2022. "Molecular Alterations and Severe Abnormalities in Spermatozoa of Young Men Living in the “Valley of Sacco River” (Latium, Italy): A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-18, September.

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