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Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy

Author

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  • Maria Chiara Pietrogrande

    (Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Giorgia Demaria

    (Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Cristina Colombi

    (Environmental Monitoring Sector, Arpa Lombardia, Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, Italy)

  • Eleonora Cuccia

    (Environmental Monitoring Sector, Arpa Lombardia, Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, Italy)

  • Umberto Dal Santo

    (Environmental Monitoring Sector, Arpa Lombardia, Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, Italy)

Abstract

Oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is gaining strong interest as a promising health exposure metric. This study investigated OP of a large set of PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples collected at five urban and background sites near Milan (Italy), one of the largest and most polluted urban areas in Europe, afflicted with high particle levels. OP responses from two acellular assays, based on ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT), were combined with atmospheric detailed composition to examine any possible feature in OP with PM size fraction, spatial and seasonal variations. A general association of volume-normalized OP with PM mass was found; this association may be related to the clear seasonality observed, whereby there was higher OP activity in wintertime at all investigated sites. Univariate correlations were used to link OP with the concentrations of the major chemical markers of vehicular and biomass burning emissions. Of the two assays, AA was particularly sensitive towards transition metals in coarse particles released from vehicular traffic. The results obtained confirm that the responses from the two assays and their relationship with atmospheric pollutants are assay- and location-dependent, and that their combination is therefore helpful to singling out the PM redox-active compounds driving its oxidative properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Chiara Pietrogrande & Giorgia Demaria & Cristina Colombi & Eleonora Cuccia & Umberto Dal Santo, 2022. "Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:7778-:d:847174
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaspar R. Daellenbach & Gaëlle Uzu & Jianhui Jiang & Laure-Estelle Cassagnes & Zaira Leni & Athanasia Vlachou & Giulia Stefenelli & Francesco Canonaco & Samuël Weber & Arjo Segers & Jeroen J. P. Kuene, 2020. "Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe," Nature, Nature, vol. 587(7834), pages 414-419, November.
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