IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i7p2370-d339430.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Isabel Martinez

    (Department of Psychology—Social Psychology Area, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares 44, 16071 Cuenca, Spain)

  • Fernando Garcia

    (Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Feliciano Veiga

    (Instituto de Educação, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Oscar F. Garcia

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Yara Rodrigues

    (Department of Education, Faculdade São Braz, Curitiba, Parana, 82520-590, Brazil)

  • Emilia Serra

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

The present study analyzes the impact of parenting styles on adolescents’ self-esteem and internalization of social values in three countries, Spain, Portugal and Brazil. The sample of the study was comprised of 2091 adolescents from Spain ( n = 793), Portugal ( n = 675), and Brazil ( n = 623) from 12–18 years old (52.1% females). The four types of parenting styles, authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and neglectful, were measured through the warmth and strictness dimensions of the Scale of Parental Socialization ESPA29. The two criteria variables were captured with the five dimensions of the AF5, Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire, and with self-transcendence and conservation Schwartz values. Results confirm emergent research in parenting socialization: the use of parental warmth is evidenced as key for adolescent self-esteem and internalization of social values in the three countries analyzed. Indulgent and authoritative parenting (both characterized by parental warmth) are associated with the highest value internalization in the three countries. Furthermore, indulgent parenting (use of warmth) is associated with the highest adolescent self-esteem, overcoming authoritative parenting (use of warmth and strictness). The influence of parenting over adolescent self-esteem and values internalization is maintained independent of the differences in self-esteem and value priorities observed in the cultural context, the sex and age of the participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Martinez & Fernando Garcia & Feliciano Veiga & Oscar F. Garcia & Yara Rodrigues & Emilia Serra, 2020. "Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2370-:d:339430
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2370/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2370/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cristina Serna & Isabel Martínez, 2019. "Parental Involvement as a Protective Factor in School Adjustment among Retained and Promoted Secondary Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Andrés S. Lombas & Miguel Ángel Esteban, 2018. "The Confounding Role of Basic Needs Satisfaction Between Self-Determined Motivation and Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(5), pages 1305-1327, June.
    3. Inge Axpe & Arantzazu Rodríguez-Fernández & Eider Goñi & Iratxe Antonio-Agirre, 2019. "Parental Socialization Styles: The Contribution of Paternal and Maternal Affect/Communication and Strictness to Family Socialization Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Fernando Garcia & Emilia Serra & Oscar F. Garcia & Isabel Martinez & Edie Cruise, 2019. "A Third Emerging Stage for the Current Digital Society? Optimal Parenting Styles in Spain, the United States, Germany, and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
    5. María C. Fuentes & Rafael García-Ros & Francisco Pérez-González & Dolores Sancerni, 2019. "Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    6. María Del Milagro Aymerich & Gonzalo Musitu & Francisco Palmero, 2018. "Family Socialisation Styles and Hostility in the Adolescent Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-12, August.
    7. Belén Martínez-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Ana Romero-Abrio & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    8. Arantxa Gorostiaga & Jone Aliri & Nekane Balluerka & Joanes Lameirinhas, 2019. "Parenting Styles and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Cristian Suárez-Relinque & Gonzalo del Moral Arroyo & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas Jerónimo, 2019. "Child-To-Parent Violence: Which Parenting Style Is More Protective? A Study with Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    10. David Moreno-Ruiz & Estefanía Estévez & Teresa I. Jiménez & Sergio Murgui, 2018. "Parenting Style and Reactive and Proactive Adolescent Violence: Evidence from Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, November.
    11. Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.
    12. Oscar F. Garcia & Emilia Serra, 2019. "Raising Children with Poor School Performance: Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Adolescent and Adult Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    13. María Muñiz-Rivas & María Vera & Amapola Povedano-Díaz, 2019. "Parental Style, Dating Violence and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.
    14. Bárbara Lorence & Victoria Hidalgo & Javier Pérez-Padilla & Susana Menéndez, 2019. "The Role of Parenting Styles on Behavior Problem Profiles of Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-17, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Oscar F. Garcia & Maria C. Fuentes & Enrique Gracia & Emilia Serra & Fernando Garcia, 2020. "Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Pilar Ridao & Isabel López-Verdugo & Carmen Reina-Flores, 2021. "Parental Beliefs about Childhood and Adolescence from a Longitudinal Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Liu, Paul C.Y. & Zhu, Fei & Wang, Jie, 2024. "The apple doesn't fall far from the tree: Parenting styles and its effects on family business succession intentions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    4. Iyus Yosep & Rohman Hikmat & Ai Mardhiyah, 2023. "Preventing Cyberbullying and Reducing Its Negative Impact on Students Using E-Parenting: A Scoping Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pablo Queiroz & Oscar F. Garcia & Fernando Garcia & Juan J. Zacares & Cleonice Camino, 2020. "Self and Nature: Parental Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-14, May.
    2. María C. Fuentes & Rafael García-Ros & Francisco Pérez-González & Dolores Sancerni, 2019. "Effects of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Stress in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    3. María Muñiz-Rivas & María Vera & Amapola Povedano-Díaz, 2019. "Parental Style, Dating Violence and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Inge Axpe & Arantzazu Rodríguez-Fernández & Eider Goñi & Iratxe Antonio-Agirre, 2019. "Parental Socialization Styles: The Contribution of Paternal and Maternal Affect/Communication and Strictness to Family Socialization Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Belén Martínez-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Ana Romero-Abrio & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Cristian Suárez-Relinque & Gonzalo del Moral Arroyo & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas Jerónimo, 2019. "Child-To-Parent Violence: Which Parenting Style Is More Protective? A Study with Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Daniel Musitu-Ferrer & Celeste León-Moreno & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez & Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa, 2019. "Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-20, July.
    8. Estefanía Mónaco & Konstanze Schoeps & Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla, 2019. "Attachment Styles and Well-Being in Adolescents: How Does Emotional Development Affect This Relationship?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    9. Carolina Gonzálvez & Ángela Díaz-Herrero & Ricardo Sanmartín & María Vicent & Antonio M. Pérez-Sánchez & José M. García-Fernández, 2019. "Identifying Risk Profiles of School Refusal Behavior: Differences in Social Anxiety and Family Functioning Among Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, October.
    10. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2019. "Which Parenting Style Encourages Healthy Lifestyles in Teenage Children? Proposal for a Model of Integrative Parenting Styles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-7, June.
    11. José Enrique Moral-García & José David Urchaga-Litago & Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo & Rubén Maneiro, 2020. "Relationship of Parental Support on Healthy Habits, School Motivations and Academic Performance in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, January.
    12. Sofia Gimenez-Serrano & Marta Alcaide & Maria Reyes & Juan J. Zacarés & Montserrat Celdrán, 2022. "Beyond Parenting Socialization Years: The Relationship between Parenting Dimensions and Grandparenting Functioning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    13. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2020. "Parenting and Healthy Teenage Lifestyles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    14. Weigang Pan & Baixue Gao & Yihong Long & Yue Teng & Tong Yue, 2021. "Effect of Caregivers’ Parenting Styles on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children: The Parallel Mediating Role of Self-Control," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, December.
    15. Maria Warne & Åsa Svensson & Lina Tirén & Erika Wall, 2020. "On Time: A Qualitative Study of Swedish Students’, Parents’ and Teachers’ Views on School Attendance, with a Focus on Tardiness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Ricarda Steinmayr & Linda Wirthwein & Laura Modler & Margaret M. Barry, 2019. "Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-23, September.
    17. Pietro Luigi Invernizzi & Marta Rigon & Gabriele Signorini & Giampiero Alberti & Gaetano Raiola & Andrea Bosio, 2021. "Aquatic Physical Literacy: The Effectiveness of Applied Pedagogy on Parents’ and Children’s Perceptions of Aquatic Motor Competence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-17, October.
    18. Hong Shi & Hanfang Zhao & Zheng Ren & Minfu He & Yuyu Li & Yajiao Pu & Xiangrong Li & Shixun Wang & Li Cui & Jieyu Zhao & Hongjian Liu & Xiumin Zhang, 2022. "Factors Associated with Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents Aged 10–15: Based on China Family Panel Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.
    19. Ronghua Zhang & Huanrong Zhang & Xiaofeng Guo & Jiali Wang & Zhongxiang Zhao & Lean Feng, 2022. "Relationship between Helicopter Parenting and Chinese Elementary School Child Procrastination: A Mediated Moderation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    20. Ana Rosser-Limiñana & Raquel Suriá-Martínez & Miguel Ángel Mateo Pérez, 2020. "Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Association Among Battered Mothers’ Parenting Competences and Children’s Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2370-:d:339430. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.