IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i20p10847-d657343.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Aquatic Physical Literacy: The Effectiveness of Applied Pedagogy on Parents’ and Children’s Perceptions of Aquatic Motor Competence

Author

Listed:
  • Pietro Luigi Invernizzi

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy)

  • Marta Rigon

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy)

  • Gabriele Signorini

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy)

  • Giampiero Alberti

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy)

  • Gaetano Raiola

    (Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy)

  • Andrea Bosio

    (Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona, Italy)

Abstract

The goal of swimming school during early school age is to promote physical literacy. According to linear or non-linear pedagogy, a linear or non-linear approach teaching style can be used. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a different teaching methodology, as in using a teacher-centered approach (linear pedagogy), or a student-centered approach (non-linear pedagogy), could differently influence the perceptions of aquatic activity of children and parents. Parents of 100 children (53 females and 47 males, age 5.9 ± 0.3 years old) participating in the study were previously interviewed to ascertain their expectations regarding the swimming course. Participants were in a medium-high social context. Subsequently, considering the data of the incoming aquatic motor competence’s tests, children were divided into a linear (LI) and non-linear (NL) pedagogy group. A total of 4 instructors were enrolled. Upon completing the swimming course, the aquatic motor competence’s test was repeated, a pictorial scale of perceived motor competence was administered, and a questionnaire regarding the course was proposed to children’s parents. Physical development and learn to swim resulted two of the most important reasons leading parents to choose swimming courses. LI achieved greater progress than the NL in actual motor competence (A.M.C.), while NL perceived a higher aquatic motor competence (P.M.C.) in 7 out of 10 items of the pictorial scale. Parents of children in LI, gave greater importance to the teacher’s role, while NL’s parents pointed the acquisition of children’s abilities as pivotal. In conclusion, NL approach was more appreciated by children, while LI method was more rewarding for parents because initial expectations were satisfied.

Suggested Citation

  • Pietro Luigi Invernizzi & Marta Rigon & Gabriele Signorini & Giampiero Alberti & Gaetano Raiola & Andrea Bosio, 2021. "Aquatic Physical Literacy: The Effectiveness of Applied Pedagogy on Parents’ and Children’s Perceptions of Aquatic Motor Competence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10847-:d:657343
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10847/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/20/10847/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raquel M. Guevara & José E. Moral-García & José D. Urchaga & Sergio López-García, 2021. "Relevant Factors in Adolescent Well-Being: Family and Parental Relationships," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-10, July.
    2. Cristina Serna & Isabel Martínez, 2019. "Parental Involvement as a Protective Factor in School Adjustment among Retained and Promoted Secondary Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Fernando Garcia & Emilia Serra & Oscar F. Garcia & Isabel Martinez & Edie Cruise, 2019. "A Third Emerging Stage for the Current Digital Society? Optimal Parenting Styles in Spain, the United States, Germany, and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Juan Antonio Moreno-Murcia & Luciane de Paula Borges & Elisa Huéscar Hernández, 2020. "Design and Validation of the Scale to Measure Aquatic Competence in Children (SMACC)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-16, August.
    5. Luís Lopes & Rute Santos & Manuel Coelho-e-Silva & Catherine Draper & Jorge Mota & Boris Jidovtseff & Cain Clark & Mirko Schmidt & Philip Morgan & Michael Duncan & Wesley O’Brien & Peter Bentsen & Eva, 2020. "A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Colleen Cozett & Nicolette V. Roman, 2022. "Recommendations to Enhance Parental Involvement and Adolescent Participation in Physical Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-22, January.
    2. José Enrique Moral-García & José David Urchaga-Litago & Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo & Rubén Maneiro, 2020. "Relationship of Parental Support on Healthy Habits, School Motivations and Academic Performance in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Pablo Queiroz & Oscar F. Garcia & Fernando Garcia & Juan J. Zacares & Cleonice Camino, 2020. "Self and Nature: Parental Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Isabel Martinez & Fernando Garcia & Feliciano Veiga & Oscar F. Garcia & Yara Rodrigues & Emilia Serra, 2020. "Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Paloma Alonso-Stuyck, 2020. "Parenting and Healthy Teenage Lifestyles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Sara M. Leitão & Marco Pereira & Rita V. Santos & Maria Filomena Gaspar & Maria João Seabra-Santos, 2022. "Do Parents Perceive Practitioners to Have a Specific Role in Change? A Longitudinal Study Following Participation in an Evidence-Based Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.
    7. María Teresa Chamizo-Nieto & Lourdes Rey & John Pellitteri, 2020. "Gratitude and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Factors against Cyber-Aggression: Analysis of a Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
    8. Maria Warne & Åsa Svensson & Lina Tirén & Erika Wall, 2020. "On Time: A Qualitative Study of Swedish Students’, Parents’ and Teachers’ Views on School Attendance, with a Focus on Tardiness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    9. Ricarda Steinmayr & Linda Wirthwein & Laura Modler & Margaret M. Barry, 2019. "Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-23, September.
    10. Hong Shi & Hanfang Zhao & Zheng Ren & Minfu He & Yuyu Li & Yajiao Pu & Xiangrong Li & Shixun Wang & Li Cui & Jieyu Zhao & Hongjian Liu & Xiumin Zhang, 2022. "Factors Associated with Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents Aged 10–15: Based on China Family Panel Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.
    11. Ronghua Zhang & Huanrong Zhang & Xiaofeng Guo & Jiali Wang & Zhongxiang Zhao & Lean Feng, 2022. "Relationship between Helicopter Parenting and Chinese Elementary School Child Procrastination: A Mediated Moderation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    12. Su Yeon Roh & Ik Young Chang, 2020. "Exploring the Role of Family and School as Spaces for 1.5 Generation South Korean’s Adjustment and Identity Negotiation in New Zealand: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-15, June.
    13. Ana Rosser-Limiñana & Raquel Suriá-Martínez & Miguel Ángel Mateo Pérez, 2020. "Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Association Among Battered Mothers’ Parenting Competences and Children’s Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    14. Óscar Gavín-Chocano & Laura Martín-Talavera & Guillermo Sanz-Junoy & David Molero, 2023. "Emotional Intelligence and Resilience: Predictors of Life Satisfaction among Mountain Trainers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    15. Mario Valera-Pozo & Daniel Adrover-Roig & Josep A. Pérez-Castelló & Victor A. Sanchez-Azanza & Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla, 2020. "Behavioral, Emotional and School Adjustment in Adolescents with and without Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Is Related to Family Involvement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-18, March.
    16. Rachael D. Dombrowski & Bree Bode & Kathryn A. G. Knoff & James Mallare & E. Whitney G. Moore & Noel Kulik, 2021. "Nutrition Supports Deconstructed and Disrupted: An Evaluation of a Multilevel School-Based Intervention during the Time of COVID," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-16, October.
    17. David Manzano-Sánchez & María Victoria Palop-Montoro & Milagros Arteaga-Checa & Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela, 2022. "Analysis of Adolescent Physical Activity Levels and Their Relationship with Body Image and Nutritional Habits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Estefanía Mónaco & Konstanze Schoeps & Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla, 2019. "Attachment Styles and Well-Being in Adolescents: How Does Emotional Development Affect This Relationship?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    19. David Montero-Montero & Paula López-Martínez & Belén Martínez-Ferrer & David Moreno-Ruiz, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Classroom Climate on School Violence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-8, March.
    20. Carolina Gonzálvez & Ángela Díaz-Herrero & Ricardo Sanmartín & María Vicent & Antonio M. Pérez-Sánchez & José M. García-Fernández, 2019. "Identifying Risk Profiles of School Refusal Behavior: Differences in Social Anxiety and Family Functioning Among Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10847-:d:657343. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.