IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v15y2018i4p819-d142453.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Aerobic Mesophilic, Coliform, Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus Counts of Raw Meat from the Formal and Informal Meat Sectors in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Ishmael Festus Jaja

    (Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa)

  • Ezekiel Green

    (Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa)

  • Voster Muchenje

    (Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa)

Abstract

Foodborne disease (FBD) is a global public health concern, and foods from animal sources have been associated with outbreaks of food-related illness. In this study, animal carcasses from the two abattoirs (HT1 and HT2) in the formal meat sector (FMS) and slaughter points in the informal meat sector (INMS) were examined at two stages of slaughter (before washing and after washing) for aerobic colony counts (ACC) and total viable count (TCC), as well as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus count. At each stage, carcasses were sampled by swabbing at the neck, brisket, flank, and rump. ACC for beef, mutton, and pork carcasses at HT1 and HT2 before washing were between 2.5–5.8, 2.2–4.7, and 2.7–3.7 mean log CFU/cm 2 , respectively, and TCC count before washing was highest on the neck of cattle (6.3 ± 2.4) and after washing was highest on the perineal of sheep (5.7 ± 6.9). In the INMS, TCC count was highest on the brisket (6.9 ± 3.2) and in the neck (5.5 ± 2.4). Higher ACC values of 6.2–6.7 mean log CFU/cm 2 were obtained in the INMS. The highest count for E. coli (4.2 mean log CFU/cm 2 ) after washing was in the neck, while the highest count for S. aureus (4.0 mean log CFU/cm 2 ) was in the flank. All bacteria count in the INMS exceeded acceptable limits, and washing did not significantly reduce microbial load in meat in the FMS and INMS. Bacteria count in the FMS and INMS exceeded acceptable standards. However, meat processed in the INMS poses a more significant risk of FBD to consumers.

Suggested Citation

  • Ishmael Festus Jaja & Ezekiel Green & Voster Muchenje, 2018. "Aerobic Mesophilic, Coliform, Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus Counts of Raw Meat from the Formal and Informal Meat Sectors in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:819-:d:142453
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/4/819/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/4/819/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anna Sophie Fahrion & Lanu Jamir & Kenivole Richa & Sonuwara Begum & Vilatuo Rutsa & Simon Ao & Varijaksha P. Padmakumar & Ram Pratim Deka & Delia Grace, 2013. "Food-Safety Hazards in the Pork Chain in Nagaland, North East India: Implications for Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Delia Grace, 2015. "Food Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Daniel N. Qekwana & Cheryl M. E. McCrindle & James W. Oguttu & Delia Grace, 2017. "Assessment of the Occupational Health and Food Safety Risks Associated with the Traditional Slaughter and Consumption of Goats in Gauteng, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Mieke Uyttendaele & Eelco Franz & Oliver Schlüter, 2015. "Food Safety, a Global Challenge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    5. Lesley-Anne Caine & Uchechukwu U. Nwodo & Anthony I. Okoh & Roland N. Ndip & Ezekiel Green, 2014. "Occurrence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Cow’s Milk from Two Commercial Dairy Farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fanta D. Gutema & Getahun E. Agga & Reta D. Abdi & Alemnesh Jufare & Luc Duchateau & Lieven De Zutter & Sarah Gabriël, 2021. "Assessment of Hygienic Practices in Beef Cattle Slaughterhouses and Retail Shops in Bishoftu, Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Songyi Wang & Fengming Tao & Yuhe Shi, 2018. "Optimization of Location–Routing Problem for Cold Chain Logistics Considering Carbon Footprint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Ayyanar Barathinivas & Subramanian Ramya & Kooturan Neethirajan & Ramaraj Jayakumararaj & Chinnathambi Pothiraj & Paulraj Balaji & Caterina Faggio, 2022. "Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticides on Hematological Parameters and Oxidative Enzymes in Freshwater Catfish, Mystus keletius," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Natália Cristina de Oliveira & Pedro Balikian Júnior & Arnaldo Tenório da Cunha Júnior & Edson de Souza Bento & Josealdo Tonholo & Thiago Aquino & Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa & Gustavo Gomes de Ara, 2023. "Environmental Planning and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review on the Role of the Metabolomic Profile," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(14), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Abongile Pekana & Ezekiel Green, 2018. "Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat Carcasses and Bovine Milk in Abattoirs and Dairy Farms of the Eastern Cape, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, October.
    6. Akebe Luther King Abia & Lisa Schaefer & Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa & Wouter Le Roux, 2017. "Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-11, March.
    7. Kyule, DN & Mburu, SW & Munguti, JM & Obiero, KO & Abwao, JO & Ndegwa, D & Outa, N & Ogello, E, 2023. "Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Fish Handlers In Kirinyaga County Markets, Kenya," African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), vol. 23(10), November.
    8. Anisa Riaz & Kanwal Asghar & Farkhanda Anjum & Ayesha Riaz, 2024. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Food Safety and Its Effects on Human Health in Punjab, Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 482-488.
    9. Anh Tuan Le Nguyen & Bach Xuan Tran & Huong Thi Le & Xuan Thanh Thi Le & Khanh Nam Do & Hoa Thi Do & Giang Thu Vu & Long Hoang Nguyen & Carl A. Latkin & Cyrus S. H. Ho & Roger C. M. Ho, 2018. "Customers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Food Hygiene and Safety Standards of Handlers in Food Facilities in Hanoi, Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-9, September.
    10. Bridget Jabulile Siluma & Ephraim Tsietsi Kgatla & Bono Nethathe & Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia, 2023. "Evaluation of Meat Safety Practices and Hygiene among Different Butcheries and Supermarkets in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Charity Kinyua & Vusilizwe Thebe, 2023. "Drivers of Scale and Sustainability of Food Safety Interventions in Informal Markets: Lessons from the Tanzanian Dairy Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-17, August.
    12. Lígia Isoni Auad & Verônica Cortez Ginani & Eliana Dos Santos Leandro & Aline Costa Santos Nunes & Luiz Roberto Pires Domingues Junior & Renata Puppin Zandonadi, 2018. "Who Is Serving Us? Food Safety Rules Compliance Among Brazilian Food Truck Vendors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, December.
    13. Guanghua Han & Yihong Liu, 2018. "Does Information Pattern Affect Risk Perception of Food Safety? A National Survey in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, September.
    14. Gerard Prinsen & Jackie Benschop & Sarah Cleaveland & John A. Crump & Nigel P. French & Tabitha A. Hrynick & Boniface Mariki & Blandina T. Mmbaga & Joanne P. Sharp & Emmanuel S. Swai & Kate M. Thomas , 2020. "Meat Safety in Tanzania’s Value Chain: Experiences, Explanations and Expectations in Butcheries and Eateries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-19, April.
    15. Ayako Ebata, 2022. "Social embeddedness of pig value chains in Myanmar and its implications for food and nutrition security," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(4), pages 965-976, August.
    16. Sara Faife & Custódia Macuamule & Josphat Gichure & Tine Hald & Elna Buys, 2024. "Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Contamination of Food and Water Consumed by Children with Diarrhoea in Maputo, Mozambique," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(9), pages 1-13, August.
    17. Csaba Bálint Illés & Anna Dunay & Charlotte Serrem & Bridget Atubukha & Kevin Serrem, 2021. "Food Safety and Sanitation Implementation Impasse on Adolescents in Kenyan High Schools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, February.
    18. Sinh Dang-Xuan & Hung Nguyen-Viet & Phuc Pham-Duc & Delia Grace & Fred Unger & Nam Nguyen-Hai & Thanh Nguyen-Tien & Kohei Makita, 2018. "Simulating Cross-Contamination of Cooked Pork with Salmonella enterica from Raw Pork through Home Kitchen Preparation in Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, October.
    19. Mieke Uyttendaele & Eelco Franz & Oliver Schlüter, 2015. "Food Safety, a Global Challenge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    20. Kevin Tsai & Sheillah Simiyu & Jane Mumma & Rose Evalyne Aseyo & Oliver Cumming & Robert Dreibelbis & Kelly K. Baker, 2019. "Enteric Pathogen Diversity in Infant Foods in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Kisumu, Kenya," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:819-:d:142453. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.