IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i3p506-d204982.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Enteric Pathogen Diversity in Infant Foods in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Kisumu, Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Kevin Tsai

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA)

  • Sheillah Simiyu

    (Center of Research, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu 40100, Kenya)

  • Jane Mumma

    (Center of Research, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu 40100, Kenya)

  • Rose Evalyne Aseyo

    (Center of Research, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu 40100, Kenya)

  • Oliver Cumming

    (Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Robert Dreibelbis

    (Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

  • Kelly K. Baker

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA)

Abstract

Pediatric diarrheal disease remains the second most common cause of preventable illness and death among children under the age of five, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited information regarding the role of food in pathogen transmission in LMICs. For this study, we examined the frequency of enteric pathogen occurrence and co-occurrence in 127 infant weaning foods in Kisumu, Kenya, using a multi-pathogen PCR diagnostic tool, and assessed household food hygiene risk factors for contamination. Bacterial, viral, and protozoan enteric pathogen DNA and RNA were detected in 62% of the infant weaning food samples collected, with 37% of foods containing more than one pathogen type. Multivariable generalized linear mixed model analysis indicated type of infant food best explained the presence and diversity of enteric pathogens in infant food, while most household food hygiene risk factors considered in this study were not significantly associated with pathogen contamination. Specifically, cow’s milk was significantly more likely to contain a pathogen (adjusted risk ratio = 14.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78–116.1) and more likely to have higher number of enteric pathogen species (adjusted risk ratio = 2.35; 95% CI 1.67–3.29) than porridge. Our study demonstrates that infants in this low-income urban setting are frequently exposed to diarrhoeagenic pathogens in food and suggests that interventions are needed to prevent foodborne transmission of pathogens to infants.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin Tsai & Sheillah Simiyu & Jane Mumma & Rose Evalyne Aseyo & Oliver Cumming & Robert Dreibelbis & Kelly K. Baker, 2019. "Enteric Pathogen Diversity in Infant Foods in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Kisumu, Kenya," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:506-:d:204982
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/506/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/506/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Delia Grace, 2015. "Food Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Duncan Mara & Jon Lane & Beth Scott & David Trouba, 2010. "Sanitation and Health," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(11), pages 1-7, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Espinoza-Delgado, José & Silber, Jacques, 2018. "Multi-dimensional poverty among adults in Central America and gender differences in the three I’s of poverty: Applying inequality sensitive poverty measures with ordinal variables," MPRA Paper 88750, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Fanta D. Gutema & Getahun E. Agga & Reta D. Abdi & Alemnesh Jufare & Luc Duchateau & Lieven De Zutter & Sarah Gabriël, 2021. "Assessment of Hygienic Practices in Beef Cattle Slaughterhouses and Retail Shops in Bishoftu, Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Barrington, D.J. & Sridharan, S. & Shields, K.F. & Saunders, S.G. & Souter, R.T. & Bartram, J., 2017. "Sanitation marketing: A systematic review and theoretical critique using the capability approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 128-134.
    4. Songyi Wang & Fengming Tao & Yuhe Shi, 2018. "Optimization of Location–Routing Problem for Cold Chain Logistics Considering Carbon Footprint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Ayyanar Barathinivas & Subramanian Ramya & Kooturan Neethirajan & Ramaraj Jayakumararaj & Chinnathambi Pothiraj & Paulraj Balaji & Caterina Faggio, 2022. "Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticides on Hematological Parameters and Oxidative Enzymes in Freshwater Catfish, Mystus keletius," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
    6. María Laura Alzúa & Habiba Djebbari & Amy J. Pickering, 2020. "A Community-Based Program Promotes Sanitation," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(2), pages 357-390.
    7. Mitsunori Odagiri & Zainal Muhammad & Aidan A. Cronin & Michael E. Gnilo & Aldy K. Mardikanto & Khaerul Umam & Yameha T. Asamou, 2017. "Enabling Factors for Sustaining Open Defecation-Free Communities in Rural Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Natália Cristina de Oliveira & Pedro Balikian Júnior & Arnaldo Tenório da Cunha Júnior & Edson de Souza Bento & Josealdo Tonholo & Thiago Aquino & Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa & Gustavo Gomes de Ara, 2023. "Environmental Planning and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review on the Role of the Metabolomic Profile," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(14), pages 1-15, July.
    9. McGranahan, Gordon, 2015. "Realizing the Right to Sanitation in Deprived Urban Communities: Meeting the Challenges of Collective Action, Coproduction, Affordability, and Housing Tenure," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 242-253.
    10. Espinoza-Delgado, José & Klasen, Stephan, 2018. "Gender and multidimensional poverty in Nicaragua: An individual based approach," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 466-491.
    11. Simona-Roxana Ulman & Costica Mihai & Cristina Cautisanu, 2020. "Peculiarities of the Relation between Human and Environmental Wellbeing in Different Stages of National Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, October.
    12. Curran, Franziska & Smart, Simon & Lacey, Justine & Greig, Chris & Lant, Paul, 2018. "Learning from experience in the water sector to improve access to energy services," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 41-50.
    13. Bridgman, Grace & von Fintel, Dieter, 2022. "Stunting, double orphanhood and unequal access to public services in democratic South Africa," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    14. Sri Irianti & Puguh Prasetyoputra, 2021. "Rural–Urban Disparities in Access to Improved Sanitation in Indonesia: A Decomposition Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
    15. Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab & Guiteras, Raymond P. & Levinsohn, James & Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq, 2023. "Social and financial incentives for overcoming a collective action problem," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    16. Scheierling, S. M., 2010. "Improving wastewater use in agriculture: an emerging priority," IWMI Working Papers H043153, International Water Management Institute.
    17. Arnold,Benjamin Ford & Briceno,Bertha & Colford Jr.,John M. & Gertler,Paul J. & Patil, Sumeet R. & Salvatore,Alicia Link, 2013. "A randomized, controlled study of a rural sanitation behavior change program in Madhya Pradesh, India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6702, The World Bank.
    18. Jessica H. Leibler & Daniel D. Nguyen & Casey León & Jessie M. Gaeta & Debora Perez, 2017. "Personal Hygiene Practices among Urban Homeless Persons in Boston, MA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-9, August.
    19. Marisha Lamond & Bhim Adhikari, 2020. "Assessing the Sustainability of Sanitation Systems in Peri-Urban Areas: Insights from Nepal," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, vol. 4(2), pages 43-62, December.
    20. Mobarak, Ahmed & Levinsohn, James & Guiteras, Raymond, 2019. "Demand Estimation with Strategic Complementarities: Sanitation in Bangladesh," CEPR Discussion Papers 13498, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:506-:d:204982. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.