IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v6y2013i1p444-470d22920.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

State of Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter for Battery Management Systems Based on the ARX Battery Model

Author

Listed:
  • Shifei Yuan

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Automotive Electronic Control Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China)

  • Hongjie Wu

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Automotive Electronic Control Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China)

  • Chengliang Yin

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Automotive Electronic Control Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China)

Abstract

State of charge (SOC) is a critical factor to guarantee that a battery system is operating in a safe and reliable manner. Many uncertainties and noises, such as fluctuating current, sensor measurement accuracy and bias, temperature effects, calibration errors or even sensor failure, etc. pose a challenge to the accurate estimation of SOC in real applications. This paper adds two contributions to the existing literature. First, the auto regressive exogenous (ARX) model is proposed here to simulate the battery nonlinear dynamics. Due to its discrete form and ease of implemention, this straightforward approach could be more suitable for real applications. Second, its order selection principle and parameter identification method is illustrated in detail in this paper. The hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) cycles are implemented on the 60AH LiFePO 4 battery module for the model identification and validation. Based on the proposed ARX model, SOC estimation is pursued using the extended Kalman filter. Evaluation of the adaptability of the battery models and robustness of the SOC estimation algorithm are also verified. The results indicate that the SOC estimation method using the Kalman filter based on the ARX model shows great performance. It increases the model output voltage accuracy, thereby having the potential to be used in real applications, such as EVs and HEVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Shifei Yuan & Hongjie Wu & Chengliang Yin, 2013. "State of Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter for Battery Management Systems Based on the ARX Battery Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2013:i:1:p:444-470:d:22920
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/1/444/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/1/444/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dai, Haifeng & Wei, Xuezhe & Sun, Zechang & Wang, Jiayuan & Gu, Weijun, 2012. "Online cell SOC estimation of Li-ion battery packs using a dual time-scale Kalman filtering for EV applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 227-237.
    2. Jingyu Yan & Guoqing Xu & Huihuan Qian & Yangsheng Xu, 2010. "Robust State of Charge Estimation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Framework and Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(10), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Hausman, Jerry A. & Newey, Whitney K. & Ichimura, Hidehiko & Powell, James L., 1991. "Identification and estimation of polynomial errors-in-variables models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 273-295, December.
    4. Hongwen He & Rui Xiong & Jinxin Fan, 2011. "Evaluation of Lithium-Ion Battery Equivalent Circuit Models for State of Charge Estimation by an Experimental Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-17, March.
    5. Ward, Eric J., 2008. "A review and comparison of four commonly used Bayesian and maximum likelihood model selection tools," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 211(1), pages 1-10.
    6. Sun, Fengchun & Hu, Xiaosong & Zou, Yuan & Li, Siguang, 2011. "Adaptive unscented Kalman filtering for state of charge estimation of a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3531-3540.
    7. Qi, Min & Zhang, Guoqiang Peter, 2001. "An investigation of model selection criteria for neural network time series forecasting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(3), pages 666-680, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhiwei He & Mingyu Gao & Caisheng Wang & Leyi Wang & Yuanyuan Liu, 2013. "Adaptive State of Charge Estimation for Li-Ion Batteries Based on an Unscented Kalman Filter with an Enhanced Battery Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Yong Tian & Chaoren Chen & Bizhong Xia & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu & Weiwei Zheng, 2014. "An Adaptive Gain Nonlinear Observer for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Kiarash Movassagh & Arif Raihan & Balakumar Balasingam & Krishna Pattipati, 2021. "A Critical Look at Coulomb Counting Approach for State of Charge Estimation in Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-33, July.
    4. Shifei Yuan & Hongjie Wu & Xuerui Ma & Chengliang Yin, 2015. "Stability Analysis for Li-Ion Battery Model Parameters and State of Charge Estimation by Measurement Uncertainty Consideration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
    5. Bizhong Xia & Haiqing Wang & Yong Tian & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2015. "State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Adaptive Cubature Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-21, June.
    6. Chen, Lin & Lin, Weilong & Li, Junzi & Tian, Binbin & Pan, Haihong, 2016. "Prediction of lithium-ion battery capacity with metabolic grey model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 662-672.
    7. Bizhong Xia & Wenhui Zheng & Ruifeng Zhang & Zizhou Lao & Zhen Sun, 2017. "A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-20, August.
    8. Miquel Martí-Florences & Andreu Cecilia & Ramon Costa-Castelló, 2023. "Modelling and Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-36, September.
    9. Van Quan Dao & Minh-Chau Dinh & Chang Soon Kim & Minwon Park & Chil-Hoon Doh & Jeong Hyo Bae & Myung-Kwan Lee & Jianyong Liu & Zhiguo Bai, 2021. "Design of an Effective State of Charge Estimation Method for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Extended Kalman Filter and Artificial Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    10. Zhihao Yu & Ruituo Huai & Linjing Xiao, 2015. "State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Kalman Filter Based on Local Linearization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-20, July.
    11. Groenewald, Jakobus & Grandjean, Thomas & Marco, James, 2017. "Accelerated energy capacity measurement of lithium-ion cells to support future circular economy strategies for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 98-111.
    12. Xia, Bizhong & Cui, Deyu & Sun, Zhen & Lao, Zizhou & Zhang, Ruifeng & Wang, Wei & Sun, Wei & Lai, Yongzhi & Wang, Mingwang, 2018. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using optimized Levenberg-Marquardt wavelet neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 694-705.
    13. Ngoc-Tham Tran & Abdul Basit Khan & Woojin Choi, 2017. "State of Charge and State of Health Estimation of AGM VRLA Batteries by Employing a Dual Extended Kalman Filter and an ARX Model for Online Parameter Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, January.
    14. Ines Baccouche & Sabeur Jemmali & Bilal Manai & Noshin Omar & Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, 2017. "Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, May.
    15. Yigeng Huangfu & Jiani Xu & Dongdong Zhao & Yuntian Liu & Fei Gao, 2018. "A Novel Battery State of Charge Estimation Method Based on a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, May.
    16. Yuechen Liu & Linjing Zhang & Jiuchun Jiang & Shaoyuan Wei & Sijia Liu & Weige Zhang, 2017. "A Data-Driven Learning-Based Continuous-Time Estimation and Simulation Method for Energy Efficiency and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-15, April.
    17. Zhichao He & Geng Yang & Languang Lu, 2016. "A Parameter Identification Method for Dynamics of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries Based on Step-Change Current Curves and Constant Current Curves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-24, June.
    18. Yun Zhang & Yunlong Shang & Naxin Cui & Chenghui Zhang, 2017. "Parameters Identification and Sensitive Characteristics Analysis for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    19. Yong Tian & Bizhong Xia & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2014. "Comparison Study on Two Model-Based Adaptive Algorithms for SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-19, December.
    20. Deyu Cui & Bizhong Xia & Ruifeng Zhang & Zhen Sun & Zizhou Lao & Wei Wang & Wei Sun & Yongzhi Lai & Mingwang Wang, 2018. "A Novel Intelligent Method for the State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Discrete Wavelet Transform-Based Wavelet Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
    21. Daniele Gallo & Carmine Landi & Mario Luiso & Rosario Morello, 2013. "Optimization of Experimental Model Parameter Identification for Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-19, September.
    22. Zhibing Zeng & Jindong Tian & Dong Li & Yong Tian, 2018. "An Online State of Charge Estimation Algorithm for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Improved Adaptive Cubature Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    23. Yin Hua & Min Xu & Mian Li & Chengbin Ma & Chen Zhao, 2015. "Estimation of State of Charge for Two Types of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Nonlinear Predictive Filter for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zheng, Fangdan & Xing, Yinjiao & Jiang, Jiuchun & Sun, Bingxiang & Kim, Jonghoon & Pecht, Michael, 2016. "Influence of different open circuit voltage tests on state of charge online estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 513-525.
    2. Hu, Lin & Hu, Xiaosong & Che, Yunhong & Feng, Fei & Lin, Xianke & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2020. "Reliable state of charge estimation of battery packs using fuzzy adaptive federated filtering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    3. Ashikur Rahman & Xianke Lin & Chongming Wang, 2022. "Li-Ion Battery Anode State of Charge Estimation and Degradation Monitoring Using Battery Casing via Unknown Input Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Yong Tian & Bizhong Xia & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2014. "Comparison Study on Two Model-Based Adaptive Algorithms for SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-19, December.
    5. Bizhong Xia & Zizhou Lao & Ruifeng Zhang & Yong Tian & Guanghao Chen & Zhen Sun & Wei Wang & Wei Sun & Yongzhi Lai & Mingwang Wang & Huawen Wang, 2017. "Online Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares and Nonlinear Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, December.
    6. Fei Feng & Rengui Lu & Guo Wei & Chunbo Zhu, 2015. "Online Estimation of Model Parameters and State of Charge of LiFePO 4 Batteries Using a Novel Open-Circuit Voltage at Various Ambient Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-27, April.
    7. Daming Zhou & Ke Zhang & Alexandre Ravey & Fei Gao & Abdellatif Miraoui, 2016. "Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Fractional-Order Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-26, February.
    8. Da Xie & Haoxiang Chu & Yupu Lu & Chenghong Gu & Furong Li & Yu Zhang, 2015. "The Concept of EV’s Intelligent Integrated Station and Its Energy Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-28, May.
    9. Zhao, Xiaowei & Cai, Yishan & Yang, Lin & Deng, Zhongwei & Qiang, Jiaxi, 2017. "State of charge estimation based on a new dual-polarization-resistance model for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 40-52.
    10. Li, Yanwen & Wang, Chao & Gong, Jinfeng, 2017. "A multi-model probability SOC fusion estimation approach using an improved adaptive unscented Kalman filter technique," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1402-1415.
    11. Zhong, Liang & Zhang, Chenbin & He, Yao & Chen, Zonghai, 2014. "A method for the estimation of the battery pack state of charge based on in-pack cells uniformity analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 558-564.
    12. Zheng, Yuejiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lu, Languang & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Xu, Liangfei & Ma, Hongbin & Dollmeyer, Thomas A. & Freyermuth, Vincent, 2013. "Cell state-of-charge inconsistency estimation for LiFePO4 battery pack in hybrid electric vehicles using mean-difference model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 571-580.
    13. Xing, Yinjiao & He, Wei & Pecht, Michael & Tsui, Kwok Leung, 2014. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using the open-circuit voltage at various ambient temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 106-115.
    14. Kim, Jonghoon & Cho, B.H., 2013. "Screening process-based modeling of the multi-cell battery string in series and parallel connections for high accuracy state-of-charge estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 581-599.
    15. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai, 2015. "A method for state-of-charge estimation of Li-ion batteries based on multi-model switching strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 427-434.
    16. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    17. Shifei Yuan & Hongjie Wu & Xuerui Ma & Chengliang Yin, 2015. "Stability Analysis for Li-Ion Battery Model Parameters and State of Charge Estimation by Measurement Uncertainty Consideration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
    18. Zhongwei Deng & Lin Yang & Yishan Cai & Hao Deng, 2016. "Online Identification with Reliability Criterion and State of Charge Estimation Based on a Fuzzy Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
    19. Xinghao Zhang & Yan Huang & Zhaowei Zhang & Huipin Lin & Yu Zeng & Mingyu Gao, 2022. "A Hybrid Method for State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Long Short-Term Memory Network Combined with Attention and a Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-26, September.
    20. Wang, Yujie & Chen, Zonghai & Zhang, Chenbin, 2017. "On-line remaining energy prediction: A case study in embedded battery management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 688-695.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2013:i:1:p:444-470:d:22920. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.