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Transesterification of Algae Oil and Little Amount of Waste Cooking Oil Blend at Low Temperature in the Presence of NaOH

Author

Listed:
  • Siddharth Jain

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Nitin Kumar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Phonics Group of Institutions, Roorkee 247667, India)

  • Varun Pratap Singh

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India)

  • Sachin Mishra

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144402, India)

  • Naveen Kumar Sharma

    (Electrical Engineering Department, I. K. G. Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 144601, India)

  • Mohit Bajaj

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
    Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India
    Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan)

  • T. M. Yunus Khan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The present study describes the single-step transesterification method of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil blended with algae oil using a homogeneous base catalyst. Due to high FFA contents, two step transesterification is needed to convert oil into biodiesel and therefore the high FFA content of waste cooking oil is decreased by blending it with low FFA content algae oil, which would further lead only to single step transesterification of low FFA oil. The design and optimization studies were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The box-Behnken design technique is applied to optimize the three process parameters, i.e., catalyst concentration (0–2 wt%), methanol concentration ( v/v ) (20–60%) and reaction time (60–180 min) at a uniform reaction temperature of 50 °C. The result of the current study indicates that an effective biodiesel yield of 92% can be obtained at the optimized condition of catalyst concentration of 1.5% ( w/w ), methanol/oil ratio of 21:1 and reaction time of 110 min at a constant reaction temperature of 50 °C. This analysis clearly shows that this study can resolve the storage problem of high FFA oils from different feedstock and RSM can be successfully used to model the reaction to maximize the biodiesel yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Siddharth Jain & Nitin Kumar & Varun Pratap Singh & Sachin Mishra & Naveen Kumar Sharma & Mohit Bajaj & T. M. Yunus Khan, 2023. "Transesterification of Algae Oil and Little Amount of Waste Cooking Oil Blend at Low Temperature in the Presence of NaOH," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1293-:d:1046764
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Behdad Shadidi & Gholamhassan Najafi & Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, 2022. "A Review of the Existing Potentials in Biodiesel Production in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Aghel, Babak & Mohadesi, Majid & Ansari, Ahmadreza & Maleki, Mahmoud, 2019. "Pilot-scale production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using kettle limescale as a heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 207-214.
    3. Narula, Vishal & Thakur, Aman & Uniyal, Ankit & Kalra, Shashvat & Jain, Siddharth, 2017. "Process parameter optimization of low temperature transesterification of algae-Jatropha Curcas oil blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 983-988.
    4. Varun Pratap Singh & Siddharth Jain & Ashish Karn & Ashwani Kumar & Gaurav Dwivedi & Chandan Swaroop Meena & Nitesh Dutt & Aritra Ghosh, 2022. "Recent Developments and Advancements in Solar Air Heaters: A Detailed Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-55, September.
    5. Mardhiah, H. Haziratul & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Lim, Steven & Lee, H.V., 2017. "A review on latest developments and future prospects of heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from non-edible oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1225-1236.
    6. Mohadesi, Majid & Aghel, Babak & Maleki, Mahmoud & Ansari, Ahmadreza, 2019. "Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using a homogeneous catalyst: Study of semi-industrial pilot of microreactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 677-682.
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