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Derivatisation-free characterisation and supercritical conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel from high acid value waste cooking oil

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  • Aboelazayem, Omar
  • Gadalla, Mamdouh
  • Saha, Basudeb

Abstract

In this study, a simple and robust derivatisation-free method has been developed using a gas chromatograph (GC), which has been validated as a suitable analysis for free fatty acids (FFAs) of waste cooking oil (WCO). As biodiesel synthesis from high acid value WCO involves pre-treatment steps, a non-catalytic approach has been employed for biodiesel production. This work has focused on the esterification of FFAs of high acidity feedstock for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production. The effect of four independent controllable factors, i.e. methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, temperature, pressure and time on FFAs conversion has been investigated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via Central Composite Design (CCD) has been implemented for designing experimental runs and optimising the process variables for maximum FFAs conversion. Four quadratic regression models have been developed representing empirical relationship between reaction variables and responses. The adequacy of the predicted models has been checked by numerous statistical validation techniques including analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. The developed optimum conditions have been reported at 25:1, 256 °C, 110 bar and 16.6 min for M:O molar ratio, temperature, pressure and time, respectively. The predicted optimal conditions have been validated experimentally with 0.22% relative error.

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  • Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2019. "Derivatisation-free characterisation and supercritical conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel from high acid value waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 77-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:77-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.106
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sakdasri, Winatta & Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit & Ngamprasertsith, Somkiat, 2018. "Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production from palm oil with supercritical methanol at a low molar ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 144-153.
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    4. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Design and simulation of an integrated process for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using supercritical methanolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 299-307.
    5. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Hosseinpour, Soleiman & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Dadak, Ali, 2017. "Fuzzy modeling and optimization of the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) by a low power, high frequency piezo-ultrasonic reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 65-78.
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    7. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Valorisation of high acid value waste cooking oil into biodiesel using supercritical methanolysis: Experimental assessment and statistical optimisation on typical Egyptian feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 408-420.
    8. Suresh, M. & Jawahar, C.P. & Richard, Arun, 2018. "A review on biodiesel production, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of non-edible oils in variable compression ratio diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 38-49.
    9. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via supercritical methanol: Optimisation and reactor simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 144-154.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Omar Aboelazayem & Mamdouh Gadalla & Basudeb Saha, 2022. "Comprehensive Optimisation of Biodiesel Production Conditions via Supercritical Methanolysis of Waste Cooking Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-22, May.
    4. Niu, Shengli & Zhang, Xiangyu & Ning, Yilin & Zhang, Yujiao & Qu, Tongxin & Hu, Xun & Gong, Zhiqiang & Lu, Chunmei, 2020. "Dolomite incorporated with cerium to enhance the stability in catalyzing transesterification for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 107-116.
    5. Umar, Yusuf & Velasco, Orlando & Abdelaziz, Omar Y. & Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh A. & Hulteberg, Christian P. & Saha, Basudeb, 2022. "A renewable lignin-derived bio-oil for boosting the oxidation stability of biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 867-878.

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