IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i2p744-d1029275.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Techno-Economic Assessment of Green Hydrogen Production by an Off-Grid Photovoltaic Energy System

Author

Listed:
  • Qusay Hassan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala 32001, Iraq
    Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Imad Saeed Abdulrahman

    (College of Technical Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10005, Iraq)

  • Hayder M. Salman

    (Department of Computer Science, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad 10070, Iraq)

  • Olushola Tomilayo Olapade

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Marek Jaszczur

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Green hydrogen production is essential to meeting the conference of the parties’ (COP) decarbonization goals; however, this method of producing hydrogen is not as cost-effective as hydrogen production from fossil fuels. This study analyses an off-grid photovoltaic energy system designed to feed a proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer for hydrogen production to evaluate the optimal electrolyzer size. The system has been analyzed in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, using experimental meteorological data. The 12 kW p photovoltaic array is positioned at the optimal annual tilt angle for the selected site. The temperature effect on photovoltaic modules is taken into consideration. Several electrolyzers with capacities in the range of 2–14 kW were investigated to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. The simulation process was conducted using MATLAB and considering the project life span from 2021 to 2035. The results indicate that various potentially cost-competitive alternatives exist for systems with market combinations resembling renewable hydrogen wholesale. It has been found that the annual energy generated by the analyzed photovoltaic system is 18,892 kWh at 4313 operating hours, and the obtained hydrogen production cost ranges from USD 5.39/kg to USD 3.23/kg. The optimal electrolyzer capacity matches a 12 kW p PV system equal to 8 kW, producing 37.5 kg/year/kW p of hydrogen for USD 3.23/kg.

Suggested Citation

  • Qusay Hassan & Imad Saeed Abdulrahman & Hayder M. Salman & Olushola Tomilayo Olapade & Marek Jaszczur, 2023. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Green Hydrogen Production by an Off-Grid Photovoltaic Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-20, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:2:p:744-:d:1029275
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/2/744/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/2/744/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qusay Hassan & Bartosz Pawela & Ali Hasan & Marek Jaszczur, 2022. "Optimization of Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity in Conjunction with Photovoltaic Systems for Maximum Self-Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Nordin, Nur Dalilah & Rahman, Hasimah Abdul, 2019. "Comparison of optimum design, sizing, and economic analysis of standalone photovoltaic/battery without and with hydrogen production systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 107-123.
    3. Hassan, Qusay, 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic power system for typical household electrification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 375-390.
    4. Sofia Boulmrharj & Mohammed Khaidar & Mohamed Bakhouya & Radouane Ouladsine & Mostapha Siniti & Khalid Zine-dine, 2020. "Performance Assessment of a Hybrid System with Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell for Cogeneration in Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Jaszczur, Marek & Hassan, Qusay & Abdulateef, Ammar M. & Abdulateef, Jasim, 2021. "Assessing the temporal load resolution effect on the photovoltaic energy flows and self-consumption," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1077-1090.
    6. Qureshy, Ali M.M.I. & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2020. "Energy and exergy analyses of an integrated renewable energy system for hydrogen production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marcelo León & Javier Silva & Rodrigo Ortíz-Soto & Samuel Carrasco, 2023. "A Techno-Economic Study for Off-Grid Green Hydrogen Production Plants: The Case of Chile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Andrea Dumančić & Nela Vlahinić Lenz & Lahorko Wagmann, 2024. "Profitability Model of Green Hydrogen Production on an Existing Wind Power Plant Location," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Marek Jaszczur & Qusay Hassan & Aws Zuhair Sameen & Hayder M. Salman & Olushola Tomilayo Olapade & Szymon Wieteska, 2023. "Massive Green Hydrogen Production Using Solar and Wind Energy: Comparison between Europe and the Middle East," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-26, July.
    4. Julián Gómez & Rui Castro, 2024. "Green Hydrogen Energy Systems: A Review on Their Contribution to a Renewable Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-41, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cano, Antonio & Arévalo, Paul & Jurado, Francisco, 2022. "Evaluation of temporal resolution impact on power fluctuations and self-consumption for a hydrokinetic on grid system using supercapacitors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 843-856.
    2. Łukasz Mazur & Sławomir Cieślik & Stanislaw Czapp, 2023. "Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-31, June.
    3. Qusay Hassan & Marek Jaszczur, 2021. "Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency Improvement for Photovoltaic System Integrated with Ultra-Supercapacitor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Qusay Hassan & Bartosz Pawela & Ali Hasan & Marek Jaszczur, 2022. "Optimization of Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity in Conjunction with Photovoltaic Systems for Maximum Self-Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Huang, Chunjun & Zong, Yi & You, Shi & Træholt, Chresten & Zheng, Yi & Wang, Jiawei & Zheng, Zixuan & Xiao, Xianyong, 2023. "Economic and resilient operation of hydrogen-based microgrids: An improved MPC-based optimal scheduling scheme considering security constraints of hydrogen facilities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    6. Besagni, Giorgio & Premoli Vilà, Lidia & Borgarello, Marco & Trabucchi, Andrea & Merlo, Marco & Rodeschini, Jacopo & Finazzi, Francesco, 2021. "Electrification pathways of the Italian residential sector under socio-demographic constrains: Looking towards 2040," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Byun, Manhee & Kim, Heehyang & Lee, Hyunjun & Lim, Dongjun & Lim, Hankwon, 2022. "Conceptual design for methanol steam reforming in serial packed-bed reactors and membrane filters: Economic and environmental perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    8. Reza Alayi & Mahdi Mohkam & Seyed Reza Seyednouri & Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi & Mohsen Sharifpur, 2021. "Energy/Economic Analysis and Optimization of On-Grid Photovoltaic System Using CPSO Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Mohammad Hemmati & Mehdi Abapour & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo & Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, 2020. "Optimal Operation of Integrated Electrical and Natural Gas Networks with a Focus on Distributed Energy Hub Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-22, October.
    10. Qusay Hassan & Aws Zuhair Sameen & Hayder M. Salman & Marek Jaszczur, 2023. "A Roadmap with Strategic Policy toward Green Hydrogen Production: The Case of Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Han Chu & Jiaming He & Yisheng Yang & Yong Huang & Shiman Wang & Yunna Wu, 2022. "Economic-Environmental-Social Benefits Assessment of Wind Power Hydrogen Production Project Based on Cloud-MULTIMOORA Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    12. Hu, Bin & He, Guangjian & Chang, Fulu & Yang, Han & Cao, Xianwu & Yin, Xiaochun, 2022. "Low filler and highly conductive composite bipolar plates with synergistic segregated structure for enhanced proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    13. Amad Ali & Rabia Shakoor & Abdur Raheem & Hafiz Abd ul Muqeet & Qasim Awais & Ashraf Ali Khan & Mohsin Jamil, 2022. "Latest Energy Storage Trends in Multi-Energy Standalone Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: A Comprehensive Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, June.
    14. Sarafraz, M.M. & Safaei, M.R., 2019. "Diurnal thermal evaluation of an evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) charged with graphene nanoplatelets-methanol nano-suspension," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 364-372.
    15. Singh, Neeraj Kumar & Kumari, Priyanka & Singh, Rajesh, 2021. "Intensified hydrogen yield using hydrogenase rich sulfate-reducing bacteria in bio-electrochemical system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    16. Ali Javaid & Umer Javaid & Muhammad Sajid & Muhammad Rashid & Emad Uddin & Yasar Ayaz & Adeel Waqas, 2022. "Forecasting Hydrogen Production from Wind Energy in a Suburban Environment Using Machine Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, November.
    17. Franz Harke & Philipp Otto, 2023. "Solar Self-Sufficient Households as a Driving Factor for Sustainability Transformation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    18. Omojola Awogbemi & Daramy Vandi Von Kallon & Emmanuel Idoko Onuh & Victor Sunday Aigbodion, 2021. "An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-43, September.
    19. Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska & Paweł Filipkowski & Olaf Frąckowiak, 2023. "Analysis of Investments in RES Based on the Example of Photovoltaic Panels in Conditions of Uncertainty and Risk—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, March.
    20. Dellicompagni, Pablo Roberto & Heim, Dariusz & Knera, Dominika & Krempski-Smejda, Michał, 2022. "A combined thermal and electrical performance evaluation of low concentration photovoltaic systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:2:p:744-:d:1029275. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.