IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i6p5258-d1098776.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Roadmap with Strategic Policy toward Green Hydrogen Production: The Case of Iraq

Author

Listed:
  • Qusay Hassan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala 32001, Iraq)

  • Aws Zuhair Sameen

    (College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10070, Iraq)

  • Hayder M. Salman

    (Department of Computer Science, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad 10013, Iraq)

  • Marek Jaszczur

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

The study proposes a comprehensive framework to support the development of green hydrogen production, including the establishment of legal and regulatory frameworks, investment incentives, and public-private partnerships. Using official and public data from government agencies, the potential of renewable energy sources is studied, and some reasonable assumptions are made so that a full study and evaluation of hydrogen production in the country can be done. The information here proves beyond a doubt that renewable energy makes a big difference in making green hydrogen. This makes the country a leader in the field of making green hydrogen. Based on what it found, this research suggests a way for the country to have a green hydrogen economy by 2050. It is done in three steps: using green hydrogen as a fuel for industry, using green hydrogen in fuel cells, and selling hydrogen. On the other hand, the research found that making green hydrogen that can be used in Iraq and other developing countries is hard. There are technological, economic, and social problems, as well as policy consequences, that need to be solved.

Suggested Citation

  • Qusay Hassan & Aws Zuhair Sameen & Hayder M. Salman & Marek Jaszczur, 2023. "A Roadmap with Strategic Policy toward Green Hydrogen Production: The Case of Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5258-:d:1098776
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/5258/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/5258/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hussain H. Al-Kayiem & Sanan T. Mohammad, 2019. "Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: An Outlook," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Haider Mahmood & Nabil Maalel & Muhammad Shahid Hassan, 2021. "Probing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Oil and Natural Gas Consumption Models Considering Urbanization and Financial Development in Middle East Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Won, Wangyun & Kwon, Hweeung & Han, Jee-Hoon & Kim, Jiyong, 2017. "Design and operation of renewable energy sources based hydrogen supply system: Technology integration and optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 226-238.
    4. Blanchette Jr., Stephen, 2008. "A hydrogen economy and its impact on the world as we know it," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 522-530, February.
    5. Kraidi, Layth & Shah, Raj & Matipa, Wilfred & Borthwick, Fiona, 2020. "Using stakeholders’ judgement and fuzzy logic theory to analyze the risk influencing factors in oil and gas pipeline projects: Case study in Iraq, Stage II," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    6. Rabiee, Abbas & Keane, Andrew & Soroudi, Alireza, 2021. "Technical barriers for harnessing the green hydrogen: A power system perspective," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1580-1587.
    7. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2020. "Dynamic modelling and thermoeconomic analysis of micro wind turbines and building integrated photovoltaic panels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 633-652.
    8. Zhang, Xiaojin & Bauer, Christian & Mutel, Christopher L. & Volkart, Kathrin, 2017. "Life Cycle Assessment of Power-to-Gas: Approaches, system variations and their environmental implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 326-338.
    9. Qusay Hassan & Bartosz Pawela & Ali Hasan & Marek Jaszczur, 2022. "Optimization of Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity in Conjunction with Photovoltaic Systems for Maximum Self-Sustainability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    10. Tatyana Semenova & Ali Al-Dirawi, 2022. "Economic Development of the Iraqi Gas Sector in Conjunction with the Oil Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, March.
    11. Pfeifer, Antun & Krajačić, Goran & Ljubas, Davor & Duić, Neven, 2019. "Increasing the integration of solar photovoltaics in energy mix on the road to low emissions energy system – Economic and environmental implications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1310-1317.
    12. Jaszczur, Marek & Hassan, Qusay, 2020. "An optimisation and sizing of photovoltaic system with supercapacitor for improving self-consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    13. Talal Yusaf & Louis Fernandes & Abd Rahim Abu Talib & Yazan S. M. Altarazi & Waleed Alrefae & Kumaran Kadirgama & Devarajan Ramasamy & Aruna Jayasuriya & Gordon Brown & Rizalman Mamat & Hayder Al Dhah, 2022. "Sustainable Aviation—Hydrogen Is the Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, January.
    14. Ceran, Bartosz & Mielcarek, Agata & Hassan, Qusay & Teneta, Janusz & Jaszczur, Marek, 2021. "Aging effects on modelling and operation of a photovoltaic system with hydrogen storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Chengzhe & Zhang, Libo & Wang, Qunwei & Zhou, Dequn, 2024. "Towards low-carbon steel: System dynamics simulation of policies impact on green hydrogen steelmaking in China and the European Union," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    2. Qusay Hassan & Itimad D. J. Azzawi & Aws Zuhair Sameen & Hayder M. Salman, 2023. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Hassan, Qusay & Nassar, Ahmed K. & Algburi, Sameer & Fouly, Ahmed & Awwad, Emad Mahrous & Jaszczur, Marek & Viktor, Patrik & Amjad, Ayesha & Fakhruldeen, Hassan Falah & Al-Jiboory, Ali Khudhair & Same, 2024. "Evaluation of solar and biomass perspectives using geographic information system - The case of Iraq regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mazzeo, Domenico & Herdem, Münür Sacit & Matera, Nicoletta & Wen, John Z., 2022. "Green hydrogen production: Analysis for different single or combined large-scale photovoltaic and wind renewable systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 360-378.
    2. Hassan, Qusay & Khadom, Anees A. & Algburi, Sameer & Al-Jiboory, Ali Khudhair & Sameen, Aws Zuhair & Alkhafaji, Mohamed Ayad & Mahmoud, Haitham A. & Awwad, Emad Mahrous & Mahood, Hameed B. & Kazem, Hu, 2024. "Implications of a smart grid-integrated renewable distributed generation capacity expansion strategy: The case of Iraq," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    3. Liu, Aaron & Miller, Wendy & Cholette, Michael E. & Ledwich, Gerard & Crompton, Glenn & Li, Yong, 2021. "A multi-dimension clustering-based method for renewable energy investment planning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 651-666.
    4. Łukasz Mazur & Sławomir Cieślik & Stanislaw Czapp, 2023. "Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-31, June.
    5. Kim, Ayeon & Yoo, Youngdon & Kim, Suhyun & Lim, Hankwon, 2021. "Comprehensive analysis of overall H2 supply for different H2 carriers from overseas production to inland distribution with respect to economic, environmental, and technological aspects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 422-432.
    6. Qusay Hassan & Marek Jaszczur, 2021. "Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency Improvement for Photovoltaic System Integrated with Ultra-Supercapacitor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    8. Hallberg-Sramek, Isabella & Nordström, Eva-Maria & Priebe, Janina & Reimerson, Elsa & Mårald, Erland & Nordin, Annika, 2023. "Combining scientific and local knowledge improves evaluating future scenarios of forest ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    9. Athanasios Ioannis Arvanitidis & Vivek Agarwal & Miltiadis Alamaniotis, 2023. "Nuclear-Driven Integrated Energy Systems: A State-of-the-Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-23, May.
    10. Ahmad Alzahrani & Senthil Kumar Ramu & Gunapriya Devarajan & Indragandhi Vairavasundaram & Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, 2022. "A Review on Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Microgrid System: Topologies for Hydrogen Energy Storage, Integration, and Energy Management with Solar and Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, October.
    11. Arévalo, Paul & Benavides, Dario & Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Aguado, José A. & Jurado, Francisco, 2023. "Smart monitoring method for photovoltaic systems and failure control based on power smoothing techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 366-383.
    12. Hiroyuki Taguchi & Aktamov Asomiddin, 2022. "Energy-Use Inefficiency and Policy Governance in Central Asian Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    13. Haris, Muhammad & Hasan, Muhammad Noman & Qin, Shiyin, 2021. "Early and robust remaining useful life prediction of supercapacitors using BOHB optimized Deep Belief Network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    14. Ortiz, C. & Valverde, J.M. & Chacartegui, R. & Benítez-Guerrero, M. & Perejón, A. & Romeo, L.M., 2017. "The Oxy-CaL process: A novel CO2 capture system by integrating partial oxy-combustion with the Calcium-Looping process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1-17.
    15. M. M. Hasan & Shakhawat Hossain & M. Mofijur & Zobaidul Kabir & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & T. M. Yunus Khan & Esam Jassim, 2023. "Harnessing Solar Power: A Review of Photovoltaic Innovations, Solar Thermal Systems, and the Dawn of Energy Storage Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-30, September.
    16. Busiswe Skosana & Mukwanga W. Siti & Nsilulu T. Mbungu & Sonu Kumar & Willy Mulumba, 2023. "An Evaluation of Potential Strategies in Renewable Energy Systems and Their Importance for South Africa—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-27, November.
    17. Michel Noussan & Pier Paolo Raimondi & Rossana Scita & Manfred Hafner, 2020. "The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, December.
    18. Herc, Luka & Pfeifer, Antun & Duić, Neven & Wang, Fei, 2022. "Economic viability of flexibility options for smart energy systems with high penetration of renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    19. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2020. "Net energy and carbon footprint analysis of solar hydrogen production from the high-temperature electrolysis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    20. Yang, Shenyao & Hu, Shilai & Qi, Zhilin & Qi, Huiqing & Zhao, Guanqun & Li, Jiqiang & Yan, Wende & Huang, Xiaoliang, 2024. "Experiment and prediction for dynamic storage capacity of underground gas storage rebuilt from hydrocarbon reservoir," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5258-:d:1098776. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.