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Torrefaction as a Way to Remove Chlorine and Improve the Energy Properties of Plant Biomass

Author

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  • Marcin Bajcar

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 2D Ćwiklińskiej Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Miłosz Zardzewiały

    (Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Bogdan Saletnik

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 2D Ćwiklińskiej Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Zaguła

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 2D Ćwiklińskiej Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Czesław Puchalski

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, 2D Ćwiklińskiej Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Józef Gorzelany

    (Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

Abstract

This study characterizes and compares the physicochemical parameters of three types of biomass: giant miscanthus, wheat straw, and white willow. An analysis of the chlorine content in the biomass was determined using a 5E-FL2350 fluorine and chlorine analyzer. In addition, energy parameters characterizing the biomass were determined, such as the content of ash and volatile matter in the tested materials, using the LECO TGA 701 thermogravimetric analyzer. The carbon and hydrogen contents were tested using the LECO TruSpec CHN elementary organic analyzer. The calorific value was determined using the LECO AC 500 isoperibolic calorimeter. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the use of the biomass torrefaction process improves its energy parameters. In the long term, this will affect the maintenance of the technical and operational efficiency of devices, installations, and power boilers compared to the co-combustion of fresh biomass. The greatest differences in results were recorded in the case of chlorine content. Carrying out detailed tests on the material immediately after its harvest showed that the content of this element was about 70% higher than in the case of torrefied raw material. The presence of chlorine in alternative fuels is responsible for the formation of chloride corrosion. Its content can be up to five times higher compared to conventional energy sources. The degree of risk of chloride corrosion of the selected elements of devices and installations is assessed on the basis of the so-called “chlorine corrosion index”.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Bajcar & Miłosz Zardzewiały & Bogdan Saletnik & Grzegorz Zaguła & Czesław Puchalski & Józef Gorzelany, 2023. "Torrefaction as a Way to Remove Chlorine and Improve the Energy Properties of Plant Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:21:p:7365-:d:1271662
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Congyu & Ho, Shih-Hsin & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Fu, Yujie & Chang, Jo-Shu & Bi, Xiaotao, 2019. "Oxidative torrefaction of biomass nutshells: Evaluations of energy efficiency as well as biochar transportation and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 428-441.
    2. Singh, Rishikesh kumar & Sarkar, Arnab & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad, 2019. "Effect of torrefaction on the physicochemical properties of pigeon pea stalk (Cajanus cajan) and estimation of kinetic parameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 805-819.
    3. Coskun Yildiz & Marcel Richter & Jochen Ströhle & Bernd Epple, 2023. "Release of Sulfur and Chlorine Gas Species during Combustion and Pyrolysis of Walnut Shells in an Entrained Flow Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Singh, Satyansh & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2019. "Optimization of process parameters for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica using response surface methodology and characteristics of torrefied biomass as upgraded fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
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