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An Overview of Methods and Technologies for Estimating Battery State of Charge in Electric Vehicles

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  • Taysa Millena Banik Marques

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • João Lucas Ferreira dos Santos

    (Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Diego Solak Castanho

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mariane Bigarelli Ferreira

    (Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Sergio L. Stevan

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Carlos Henrique Illa Font

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Thiago Antonini Alves

    (Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Cassiano Moro Piekarski

    (Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hugo Valadares Siqueira

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fernanda Cristina Corrêa

    (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Recently, electric vehicles have gained enormous popularity due to their performance and efficiency. The investment in developing this new technology is justified by the increased awareness of the environmental impacts caused by combustion vehicles, such as greenhouse gas emissions, which have contributed to global warming and the depletion of oil reserves that are not renewable energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries are the most promising for electric vehicle (EV) applications. They have been widely used for their advantages, such as high energy density, many cycles, and low self-discharge. This work extensively investigates the main methods of estimating the state of charge (SoC) obtained through a literature review. A total of 109 relevant articles were found using the prism method. Some basic concepts of the state of health (SoH); a battery management system (BMS); and some models that can perform SoC estimation are presented. Challenges encountered in this task are discussed, such as the nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries that must be considered in the algorithms applied to the BMS. Thus, the set of concepts examined in this review supports the need to evolve the devices and develop new methods for estimating the SoC, which is increasingly more accurate and faster. This review shows that these tools tend to be continuously more dependent on artificial intelligence methods, especially hybrid algorithms, which require less training time and low computational cost, delivering real-time information to embedded systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Taysa Millena Banik Marques & João Lucas Ferreira dos Santos & Diego Solak Castanho & Mariane Bigarelli Ferreira & Sergio L. Stevan & Carlos Henrique Illa Font & Thiago Antonini Alves & Cassiano Moro , 2023. "An Overview of Methods and Technologies for Estimating Battery State of Charge in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:5050-:d:1182809
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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