IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i9p3452-d811558.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Comprehensive Survey of Alkaline Electrolyzer Modeling: Electrical Domain and Specific Electrolyte Conductivity

Author

Listed:
  • Frank Gambou

    (Group of Research in Electrical Engineering of Nancy (GREEN), Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France)

  • Damien Guilbert

    (Group of Research in Electrical Engineering of Nancy (GREEN), Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France)

  • Michel Zasadzinski

    (Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN), UMR CNRS 7039, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France)

  • Hugues Rafaralahy

    (Research Center for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN), UMR CNRS 7039, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France)

Abstract

Alkaline electrolyzers are the most widespread technology due to their maturity, low cost, and large capacity in generating hydrogen. However, compared to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, they request the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) since the electrolyte relies on a liquid solution. For this reason, the performances of alkaline electrolyzers are governed by the electrolyte concentration and operating temperature. Due to the growing development of the water electrolysis process based on alkaline electrolyzers to generate green hydrogen from renewable energy sources, the main purpose of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive survey on alkaline electrolyzers, and more specifically about their electrical domain and specific electrolytic conductivity. Besides, this survey will allow emphasizing the remaining key issues from the modeling point of view.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Gambou & Damien Guilbert & Michel Zasadzinski & Hugues Rafaralahy, 2022. "A Comprehensive Survey of Alkaline Electrolyzer Modeling: Electrical Domain and Specific Electrolyte Conductivity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3452-:d:811558
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3452/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3452/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ana L. Santos & Maria-João Cebola & Diogo M. F. Santos, 2021. "Towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Review of the Parameters That Influence the Efficiency of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-35, May.
    2. Khurram Liaqat & Srosh Fazil & Wajid Rehman & Shaukat Saeed & Farid Menaa & Syed Asim Hussain Shah & Muhammad Nawaz & Walaa Naji Alharbi & Bouzid Menaa & Muhammad Farooq, 2021. "Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Derived from a Novel Sulfonated Diamine with Pendant Benzenesulfonic Acid for Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Speckmann, Friedrich-W. & Bintz, Steffen & Birke, Kai Peter, 2019. "Influence of rectifiers on the energy demand and gas quality of alkaline electrolysis systems in dynamic operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 855-863.
    4. Wang, Ligang & Chen, Ming & Küngas, Rainer & Lin, Tzu-En & Diethelm, Stefan & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan, 2019. "Power-to-fuels via solid-oxide electrolyzer: Operating window and techno-economics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 174-187.
    5. Yue, Meiling & Lambert, Hugo & Pahon, Elodie & Roche, Robin & Jemei, Samir & Hissel, Daniel, 2021. "Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    6. Apostolou, Dimitrios, 2020. "Optimisation of a hydrogen production – storage – re-powering system participating in electricity and transportation markets. A case study for Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    7. Hernández-Gómez, Ángel & Ramirez, Victor & Guilbert, Damien & Saldivar, Belem, 2021. "Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1508-1522.
    8. Fabian Scheepers & Markus Stähler & Andrea Stähler & Edward Rauls & Martin Müller & Marcelo Carmo & Werner Lehnert, 2020. "Improving the Efficiency of PEM Electrolyzers through Membrane-Specific Pressure Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed Benghanem & Adel Mellit & Hamad Almohamadi & Sofiane Haddad & Nedjwa Chettibi & Abdulaziz M. Alanazi & Drigos Dasalla & Ahmed Alzahrani, 2023. "Hydrogen Production Methods Based on Solar and Wind Energy: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    2. Liang, Tao & Chen, Mengjing & Tan, Jianxin & Jing, Yanwei & Lv, Liangnian & Yang, Wenbo, 2024. "Large-scale off-grid wind power hydrogen production multi-tank combination operation law and scheduling strategy taking into account alkaline electrolyzer characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    3. José Pereira & Reinaldo Souza & Jeferson Oliveira & Ana Moita, 2024. "Hydrogen Production, Transporting and Storage Processes—A Brief Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-54, September.
    4. Igor Tatarewicz & Sławomir Skwierz & Michał Lewarski & Robert Jeszke & Maciej Pyrka & Monika Sekuła, 2023. "Mapping the Future of Green Hydrogen: Integrated Analysis of Poland and the EU’s Development Pathways to 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-27, August.
    5. Wang, Jingbo & Wen, Jianfeng & Wang, Jiarong & Yang, Bo & Jiang, Lin, 2024. "Water electrolyzer operation scheduling for green hydrogen production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Bożena Łosiewicz, 2024. "Technology for Green Hydrogen Production: Desk Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-41, September.
    7. Jae-Hoon Kim & Chang-Yeol Oh & Ki-Ryong Kim & Jong-Pil Lee & Tae-Jin Kim, 2022. "Parameter Identification of Electrical Equivalent Circuits including Mass Transfer Parameters for the Selection of the Operating Frequencies of Pulsed PEM Water Electrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.
    8. Jeddizahed, Javad & Webley, Paul A. & Hughes, Thomas J., 2024. "Integrating alkaline electrolysis with oxyfuel combustion for hydrogen and electricity production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    9. Junior Diamant Ngando Ebba & Mamadou Baïlo Camara & Mamadou Lamine Doumbia & Brayima Dakyo & Joseph Song-Manguelle, 2023. "Large-Scale Hydrogen Production Systems Using Marine Renewable Energies: State-of-the-Art," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-23, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sumit Sood & Om Prakash & Mahdi Boukerdja & Jean-Yves Dieulot & Belkacem Ould-Bouamama & Mathieu Bressel & Anne-Lise Gehin, 2020. "Generic Dynamical Model of PEM Electrolyser under Intermittent Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-34, December.
    2. Zhang, Hong & Yuan, Tiejiang, 2022. "Optimization and economic evaluation of a PEM electrolysis system considering its degradation in variable-power operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    3. Makhsoos, Ashkan & Kandidayeni, Mohsen & Boulon, Loïc & Pollet, Bruno G., 2023. "A comparative analysis of single and modular proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers for green hydrogen production- a case study in Trois-Rivières," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Nicolai Lystbæk & Mikkel Gregersen & Hamid Reza Shaker, 2023. "Review of Energy Portfolio Optimization in Energy Markets Considering Flexibility of Power-to-X," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, March.
    5. Wang, Longze & Jiao, Shucen & Xie, Yu & Xia, Shiwei & Zhang, Delong & Zhang, Yan & Li, Meicheng, 2022. "Two-way dynamic pricing mechanism of hydrogen filling stations in electric-hydrogen coupling system enhanced by blockchain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    6. Risco-Bravo, A. & Varela, C. & Bartels, J. & Zondervan, E., 2024. "From green hydrogen to electricity: A review on recent advances, challenges, and opportunities on power-to-hydrogen-to-power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    7. Wang, Bowen & Ni, Meng & Zhang, Shiye & Liu, Zhi & Jiang, Shangfeng & Zhang, Longhai & Zhou, Feikun & Jiao, Kui, 2023. "Two-phase analytical modeling and intelligence parameter estimation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 202-213.
    8. Mou, Xiaofeng & Zhou, Wei & Bao, Zewei & Huang, Weixing, 2024. "Effective thermal conductivity of LaNi5 powder beds for hydrogen storage: Measurement and theoretical analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    9. Gai, Wei-Zhuo & Wang, Le-Yao & Lu, Meng-Yao & Deng, Zhen-Yan, 2023. "Effect of low concentration hydroxides on Al hydrolysis for hydrogen production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    10. Ahmad Alzahrani & Senthil Kumar Ramu & Gunapriya Devarajan & Indragandhi Vairavasundaram & Subramaniyaswamy Vairavasundaram, 2022. "A Review on Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Microgrid System: Topologies for Hydrogen Energy Storage, Integration, and Energy Management with Solar and Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-32, October.
    11. Yang, Wei-Wei & Tang, Xin-Yuan & Ma, Xu & Li, Jia-Chen & Xu, Chao & He, Ya-Ling, 2023. "Rapid prediction, optimization and design of solar membrane reactor by data-driven surrogate model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    12. Sebastián Mantilla & Diogo M. F. Santos, 2022. "Green and Blue Hydrogen Production: An Overview in Colombia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.
    13. Shi, Mengshu & Wang, Weiye & Han, Yaxuan & Huang, Yuansheng, 2022. "Research on comprehensive benefit of hydrogen storage in microgrid system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 621-635.
    14. Pashchenko, Dmitry, 2023. "Hydrogen-rich gas as a fuel for the gas turbines: A pathway to lower CO2 emission," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    15. Marcella Calabrese & Maria Portarapillo & Alessandra Di Nardo & Virginia Venezia & Maria Turco & Giuseppina Luciani & Almerinda Di Benedetto, 2024. "Hydrogen Safety Challenges: A Comprehensive Review on Production, Storage, Transport, Utilization, and CFD-Based Consequence and Risk Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-26, March.
    16. Junior Diamant Ngando Ebba & Mamadou Baïlo Camara & Mamadou Lamine Doumbia & Brayima Dakyo & Joseph Song-Manguelle, 2023. "Large-Scale Hydrogen Production Systems Using Marine Renewable Energies: State-of-the-Art," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-23, December.
    17. Taehyung Koo & Rockkil Ko & Dongwoo Ha & Jaeyoung Han, 2023. "Development of Model-Based PEM Water Electrolysis HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) System for State Evaluation and Fault Detection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.
    18. Richard P. van Leeuwen & Annelies E. Boerman & Edmund W. Schaefer & Gerwin Hoogsteen & Yashar S. Hajimolana, 2022. "Model Supported Business Case Scenario Analysis for Decentral Hydrogen Conversion, Storage and Consumption within Energy Hubs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-22, March.
    19. Scheepers, Fabian & Stähler, Markus & Stähler, Andrea & Rauls, Edward & Müller, Martin & Carmo, Marcelo & Lehnert, Werner, 2021. "Temperature optimization for improving polymer electrolyte membrane-water electrolysis system efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    20. Bernd Emonts & Martin Müller & Michael Hehemann & Holger Janßen & Roger Keller & Markus Stähler & Andrea Stähler & Veit Hagenmeyer & Roland Dittmeyer & Peter Pfeifer & Simon Waczowicz & Michael Rubin , 2022. "A Holistic Consideration of Megawatt Electrolysis as a Key Component of Sector Coupling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3452-:d:811558. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.