IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i4p1274-d745848.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Properties of Animal-Origin Ash—A Valuable Material for Circular Economy

Author

Listed:
  • Izabella Maj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Sylwester Kalisz

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Szymon Ciukaj

    (Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

In the presented paper, two types of animal-origin biomass, cow dung and chicken litter, are characterized in terms of combustion-related problems and ash properties. It was found that these parameters strongly depend on the farming style. Whether it is cow dung or chicken litter, free-range raw materials are characterized by higher ash contents than industrial farming ones. Free-range samples contain chlorine at lower levels, while industrial farming samples are chlorine rich. Free-range samples are characterized by the predominant content of silica in the ash: 75.60% in cow dung and 57.11% in chicken litter, while industrial farming samples contain more calcium. Samples were classified by 11 “slagging indices” based on the ash and fuel composition to evaluate their tendencies for slagging, fouling, ash deposition and bed agglomeration. Furthermore, an assessment was made against the current EU law regulations, whether the ashes can be component materials for fertilizers. The phosphorus concentration in the investigated ashes corresponds to 4.09–23.73 wt% P 2 O 5 and is significantly higher in industrial chicken litter samples. The concentrations of Hg, Cu, As, Ni, Cd and Pb in all samples are below the limits of the UE regulations. However, concentrations of Cr in all samples and Zn in industrial chicken litter exceed these standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Izabella Maj & Sylwester Kalisz & Szymon Ciukaj, 2022. "Properties of Animal-Origin Ash—A Valuable Material for Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1274-:d:745848
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/4/1274/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/4/1274/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Atimtay, Aysel & Yurdakul, Sema, 2020. "Combustion and Co-Combustion characteristics of torrefied poultry litter with lignite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1292-1301.
    2. Grzegorz Zając & Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz & Wojciech Gołębiowski & Małgorzata Szczepanik, 2018. "Chemical Characteristics of Biomass Ashes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Paweł Stępień & Kacper Świechowski & Martyna Hnat & Szymon Kugler & Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska & Jacek A. Koziel & Piotr Manczarski & Andrzej Białowiec, 2019. "Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-32, November.
    4. Marin-Batista, J.D. & Villamil, J.A. & Qaramaleki, S.V. & Coronella, C.J. & Mohedano, A.F. & Rubia, M.A. de la, 2020. "Energy valorization of cow manure by hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 623-632.
    5. Aneta Szymajda & Grażyna Łaska & Magdalena Joka, 2021. "Assessment of Cow Dung Pellets as a Renewable Solid Fuel in Direct Combustion Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Meneses-Quelal Orlando & Velázquez-Martí Borja, 2020. "Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-28, July.
    7. Theofanous, Elisavet & Kythreotou, Nicoletta & Panayiotou, Gregoris & Florides, Georgios & Vyrides, Ioannis, 2014. "Energy production from piggery waste using anaerobic digestion: Current status and potential in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 263-270.
    8. Kalisz, Sylwester & Ciukaj, Szymon & Mroczek, Kazimierz & Tymoszuk, Mateusz & Wejkowski, Robert & Pronobis, Marek & Kubiczek, Henryk, 2015. "Full-scale study on halloysite fireside additive in 230 t/h pulverized coal utility boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P1), pages 33-39.
    9. Sobieraj, Jakub & Gądek, Waldemar & Jagodzińska, Katarzyna & Kalisz, Sylwester, 2021. "Investigations of optimal additive dose for Cl-rich biomasses," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 2008-2017.
    10. Robert Wejkowski & Sylwester Kalisz & Mateusz Tymoszuk & Szymon Ciukaj & Izabella Maj, 2021. "Full-Scale Investigation of Dry Sorbent Injection for NO x Emission Control and Mercury Retention," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-13, November.
    11. Andreas Nordin & Anna Strandberg & Sana Elbashir & Lars-Erik Åmand & Nils Skoglund & Anita Pettersson, 2020. "Co-Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Biomass in a Grate Fired Boiler for Phosphorus Recovery in Bottom Ash," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-24, April.
    12. Santos Dalólio, Felipe & da Silva, Jadir Nogueira & Carneiro de Oliveira, Angélica Cássia & Ferreira Tinôco, Ilda de Fátima & Christiam Barbosa, Rúben & Resende, Michael de Oliveira & Teixeira Albino,, 2017. "Poultry litter as biomass energy: A review and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 941-949.
    13. Navodita Bhatnagar & David Ryan & Richard Murphy & Anne-Marie Enright, 2020. "Trace Element Supplementation and Enzyme Addition to Enhance Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Litter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, July.
    14. Maj, Izabella & Kalisz, Sylwester & Szymajda, Aneta & Łaska, Grażyna & Gołombek, Klaudiusz, 2021. "The influence of cow dung and mixed straw ashes on steel corrosion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1198-1211.
    15. Saskia Keesstra & Gerben Mol & Jan De Leeuw & Joop Okx & Co Molenaar & Margot De Cleen & Saskia Visser, 2018. "Soil-Related Sustainable Development Goals: Four Concepts to Make Land Degradation Neutrality and Restoration Work," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-20, November.
    16. Hanxi Wang & Jianling Xu & Lianxi Sheng & Xuejun Liu & Meihan Zong & Difu Yao, 2019. "Anaerobic Digestion Technology for Methane Production Using Deer Manure Under Different Experimental Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-21, May.
    17. Mariusz Tańczuk & Robert Junga & Alicja Kolasa-Więcek & Patrycja Niemiec, 2019. "Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Izabella Maj, 2022. "Significance and Challenges of Poultry Litter and Cattle Manure as Sustainable Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Chi-Hung Tsai & Yun-Hwei Shen & Wen-Tien Tsai, 2023. "Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on the Fuel Properties of Torrefied Biomass from Rice Husk," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Piotr Sakiewicz & Krzysztof Piotrowski & Mariola Rajca & Izabella Maj & Sylwester Kalisz & Józef Ober & Janusz Karwot & Krishna R. Pagilla, 2022. "Innovative Technological Approach for the Cyclic Nutrients Adsorption by Post-Digestion Sewage Sludge-Based Ash Co-Formed with Some Nanostructural Additives under a Circular Economy Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-28, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Izabella Maj, 2022. "Significance and Challenges of Poultry Litter and Cattle Manure as Sustainable Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Wojciech Rzeźnik & Ilona Rzeźnik & Paulina Mielcarek-Bocheńska & Mateusz Urbański, 2023. "Air Pollutants Emission during Co-Combustion of Animal Manure and Wood Pellets in 15 kW Boiler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Sitka, Andrzej & Szulc, Piotr & Smykowski, Daniel & Jodkowski, Wiesław, 2021. "Application of poultry manure as an energy resource by its gasification in a prototype rotary counterflow gasifier," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 422-429.
    4. Bhatnagar, N. & Ryan, D. & Murphy, R. & Enright, A.M., 2022. "A comprehensive review of green policy, anaerobic digestion of animal manure and chicken litter feedstock potential – Global and Irish perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    5. Pronobis, Marek & Wejkowski, Robert & Kalisz, Sylwester & Ciukaj, Szymon, 2023. "Conversion of a pulverized coal boiler into a torrefied biomass boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    6. Turzyński, Tomasz & Kluska, Jacek & Kardaś, Dariusz, 2022. "Study on chicken manure combustion and heat production in terms of thermal self-sufficiency of a poultry farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 84-91.
    7. Grażyna Łaska & Ayodeji Raphael Ige, 2023. "A Review: Assessment of Domestic Solid Fuel Sources in Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-20, June.
    8. Hariana, & Ghazidin, Hafizh & Putra, Hanafi Prida & Darmawan, Arif & Prabowo, & Hilmawan, Edi & Aziz, Muhammad, 2023. "The effects of additives on deposit formation during co-firing of high-sodium coal with high-potassium and -chlorine biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    9. Eunhye Song & Seyong Park & Seongkuk Han & Eusil Lee & Ho Kim, 2022. "Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Hydrochar Derived from Cattle Manure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, December.
    10. Piotr Sakiewicz & Krzysztof Piotrowski & Mariola Rajca & Izabella Maj & Sylwester Kalisz & Józef Ober & Janusz Karwot & Krishna R. Pagilla, 2022. "Innovative Technological Approach for the Cyclic Nutrients Adsorption by Post-Digestion Sewage Sludge-Based Ash Co-Formed with Some Nanostructural Additives under a Circular Economy Framework," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-28, September.
    11. Šantl, Neža & Stergar, Janja & Bozicko, Matevz & Goričanec, Darko & Urbancl, Danijela & Petrovič, Aleksandra, 2024. "The utilisation of thermally treated poultry farm waste for energy recovery and soil application," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    12. Izabella Maj & Krzysztof Matus, 2023. "Aluminosilicate Clay Minerals: Kaolin, Bentonite, and Halloysite as Fuel Additives for Thermal Conversion of Biomass and Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    13. Gürel, Barış & Kurtuluş, Karani & Yurdakul, Sema & Karaca Dolgun, Gülşah & Akman, Remzi & Önür, Muhammet Enes & Varol, Murat & Keçebaş, Ali & Gürbüz, Habib, 2024. "Combustion of chicken manure and Turkish lignite mixtures in a circulating fluidized bed," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    14. Miklós Kázmér & Keyan Fang & Yunchao Zhou & Zoltán Kern, 2024. "Rapid Estimation of Soil Erosion Rate from Exhumed Roots (Xiaolong Mts, China)," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, May.
    15. Asghari, Shiva & Zeinalzadeh, Kamran & Kheirfam, Hossein & Habibzadeh Azar, Behnam, 2022. "The impact of cyanobacteria inoculation on soil hydraulic properties at the lab-scale experiment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    16. Regmi, Rupesh & Zhang, Zhuo & Zhang, Hongpeng, 2023. "Entrepreneurship strategy, natural resources management and sustainable performance: A study of an emerging market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    17. Sheikh Adil Edrisi & Vishal Tripathi & Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, 2019. "Performance Analysis and Soil Quality Indexing for Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Grown in Marginal and Degraded Land of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, April.
    18. Ewa Szatyłowicz & Wojciech Walendziuk, 2021. "Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Ash from Solid Fuel Combustion in Low-Power Boilers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    19. Agnieszka A. Pilarska & Tomasz Kulupa & Adrianna Kubiak & Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka & Krzysztof Pilarski & Alicja Niewiadomska, 2023. "Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste—A Short Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-23, August.
    20. Ilaria Zambon & Artemi Cerdà & Sirio Cividino & Luca Salvati, 2019. "The (Evolving) Vineyard’s Age Structure in the Valencian Community, Spain: A New Demographic Approach for Rural Development and Landscape Analysis," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-13, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1274-:d:745848. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.