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A Study of the Pyrolysis Products of Kraft Lignin

Author

Listed:
  • Matteo Borella

    (Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

  • Alessandro A. Casazza

    (Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

  • Gabriella Garbarino

    (Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

  • Paola Riani

    (Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy)

  • Guido Busca

    (Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

Abstract

In order to valorize lignin wastes to produce useful aromatic compounds, the thermal degradation pyrolysis of Kraft lignin in the absence of catalysts has been investigated at 350, 450, and 550 °C. The high content of sulfur in the fresh sample led to the formation of S-containing compounds in products whose evolution in the gas phase was monitored through GC-MS analysis. Pyrolytic gas is rich in CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , and H 2 S with the presence of other sulfur compounds in smaller amounts (i.e., CH 3 SH, CH 3 -S-CH 3 , SO 2 , COS, and CS 2 ). Biochar morphology and elemental composition have been investigated by means of SEM and EDX. The carbon content reaches ~90% after pyrolysis at 550 °C, while the oxygen content showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature. From GC-MS analysis, bio-oil resulted rich in alkyl-alkoxy phenols, together with (alkyl)dihydroxy benzenes and minor amounts of hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. NaOH/H 2 O and EtOH/H 2 O extraction were performed with the aim of extracting phenolic-like compounds. Sodium hydroxide solution allowed a better but still incomplete extraction of phenolic compounds, leaving a bio-oil richer in sulfur.

Suggested Citation

  • Matteo Borella & Alessandro A. Casazza & Gabriella Garbarino & Paola Riani & Guido Busca, 2022. "A Study of the Pyrolysis Products of Kraft Lignin," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:991-:d:737389
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kang, Shimin & Li, Xianglan & Fan, Juan & Chang, Jie, 2013. "Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 546-558.
    2. Azadi, Pooya & Inderwildi, Oliver R. & Farnood, Ramin & King, David A., 2013. "Liquid fuels, hydrogen and chemicals from lignin: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 506-523.
    3. Liu, Xiangyang & Wang, Tao & Chu, Jianchun & He, Maogang & Li, Qibin & Zhang, Ying, 2020. "Understanding lignin gasification in supercritical water using reactive molecular dynamics simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 858-866.
    4. Elena Spennati & Alessandro Alberto Casazza & Attilio Converti & Guido Busca, 2020. "Thermocatalytic Pyrolysis of Exhausted Arthrospira platensis Biomass after Protein or Lipid Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-17, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elena Butnaru & Mihai Brebu, 2022. "The Thermochemical Conversion of Forestry Residues from Silver Fir ( Abies alba Mill.) by Torrefaction and Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Gabriele Di Giacomo & Pietro Romano, 2022. "Evolution and Prospects in Managing Sewage Sludge Resulting from Municipal Wastewater Purification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-33, August.

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