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Progress in the solvent depolymerization of lignin

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  • Patil, Vivek
  • Adhikari, Sushil
  • Cross, Phillip
  • Jahromi, Hossein

Abstract

Solvent liquefaction of lignin is a simultaneous depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation process used to generate monomer products for fuel and specialty chemical applications. Lignin source, its isolation technique, and the process conditions play essential roles in overall lignin conversion and product distribution. This paper reviews major structural changes that occur during Kraft, organosolv, soda, and other novel lignin extraction processes and how these structural changes affect the solvent liquefaction performances. Reaction conditions, including temperature, residence time, solvent characteristics, and catalyst, are reviewed. Finally, pathways for getting commercially valuable chemicals from lignin is explored. The role of non-water solvents in achieving high-value products from lignin depolymerization is also discussed. The structure of lignin was found to be more critical than reaction conditions in determining the product yields, and future research should have more emphasis on this aspect. Overall, high temperature and longer residence time were found to be useful for depolymerization under certain conditions, such as the presence of homogeneous catalysts, condensed lignin structure, and water as a solvent.

Suggested Citation

  • Patil, Vivek & Adhikari, Sushil & Cross, Phillip & Jahromi, Hossein, 2020. "Progress in the solvent depolymerization of lignin," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:133:y:2020:i:c:s136403212030647x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110359
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Long, Jinxing & Xu, Ying & Wang, Tiejun & Yuan, Zhengqiu & Shu, Riyang & Zhang, Qi & Ma, Longlong, 2015. "Efficient base-catalyzed decomposition and in situ hydrogenolysis process for lignin depolymerization and char elimination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 70-79.
    2. Kang, Shimin & Li, Xianglan & Fan, Juan & Chang, Jie, 2013. "Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 546-558.
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    1. Radhakrishnan, Rokesh & Patra, Pradipta & Das, Manali & Ghosh, Amit, 2021. "Recent advancements in the ionic liquid mediated lignin valorization for the production of renewable materials and value-added chemicals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    2. Kong, Xiangchen & Liu, Chao & Wang, Xing & Fan, Yuyang & Xu, Weicong & Xiao, Rui, 2022. "Production of oxygen-containing fuels via supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation of lignin bio-oil over Cu/CuZnAlOx catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    3. Charles A. Mullen & Candice Ellison & Yaseen Elkasabi, 2023. "Pyrolytic Conversion of Cellulosic Pulps from “Lignin-First” Biomass Fractionation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Su, Ying & Guo, Bingfeng & Hornung, Ursel & Dahmen, Nicolaus, 2022. "FeCl3-supported solvothermal liquefaction of Miscanthus in methanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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