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Deployment of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Station Infrastructure: A Global Overview and Perspectives

Author

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  • Remzi Can Samsun

    (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-14—Electrochemical Process Engineering, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Michael Rex

    (Advanced Fuel Cells Technology Collaboration Programme Secretariat, 45886 Gelsenkirchen, Germany)

  • Laurent Antoni

    (Commissariat à L’energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives—CEA-Liten, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France)

  • Detlef Stolten

    (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-3—Techno-Economic Systems Analysis, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

Abstract

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can complement other electric vehicle technologies as a zero-emission technology and contribute to global efforts to achieve the emission reduction targets. This article spotlights the current deployment status of fuel cells in road transport. For this purpose, data collection was performed by the Advanced Fuel Cells Technology Collaboration Programme. Moreover, the available incentives for purchasing a fuel cell vehicle in different countries were reviewed and future perspectives summarized. Based on the collected information, the development trends in the last five years were analyzed and possible further trends that could see the realization of the defined goals derived. The number of registered vehicles was estimated to be 51,437 units, with South Korea leading the market, with 90% of the vehicles being concentrated in four countries. A total of 729 hydrogen refueling stations were in operation, with Japan having the highest number of these. The analysis results clearly indicate a very positive development trend for fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations in 2021, with the highest number of new vehicles and stations in a single year, paralleling the year’s overall economic recovery. Yet, a more ambitious ramp-up in the coming years is required to achieve the set targets.

Suggested Citation

  • Remzi Can Samsun & Michael Rex & Laurent Antoni & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Deployment of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Station Infrastructure: A Global Overview and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-34, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:4975-:d:857717
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Min Liu & Leiqi Zhang & Qiliang Wu & Yunpeng Zhang & Jiaxin Zhang & Xuefang Li & Qingxin Ba, 2023. "The Effect of Explosions on the Protective Wall of a Containerized Hydrogen Fuel Cell System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-14, June.
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    6. Enas Taha Sayed & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Abdul Hai Alami & Ali Radwan & Ayman Mdallal & Ahmed Rezk & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, 2023. "Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-26, February.
    7. Matteo Genovese & Viviana Cigolotti & Elio Jannelli & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2023. "Hydrogen Refueling Process: Theory, Modeling, and In-Force Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-31, March.
    8. Moon, Sungho & Kim, Kyungah & Seung, Hyunchan & Kim, Junghun, 2022. "Strategic analysis on effects of technologies, government policies, and consumer perceptions on diffusion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    9. Piras, M. & De Bellis, V. & Malfi, E. & Novella, R. & Lopez-Juarez, M., 2024. "Hydrogen consumption and durability assessment of fuel cell vehicles in realistic driving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    10. Farah Mneimneh & Hasan Ghazzawi & Mohammad Abu Hejjeh & Matteo Manganelli & Seeram Ramakrishna, 2023. "Roadmap to Achieving Sustainable Development via Green Hydrogen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    11. Giuseppe De Lorenzo & Francesco Piraino & Francesco Longo & Giovanni Tinè & Valeria Boscaino & Nicola Panzavecchia & Massimo Caccia & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2022. "Modelling and Performance Analysis of an Autonomous Marine Vehicle Powered by a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, September.
    12. Anton Manakhov & Maxim Orlov & Mustafa Babiker & Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim, 2022. "A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-13, July.
    13. Byoungjik Park & Yangkyun Kim & Jin Ouk Park & Ohk Kun Lim, 2023. "Jet Flame Risk Analysis for Safe Response to Hydrogen Vehicle Accidents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, June.

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