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A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue

Author

Listed:
  • Anton Manakhov

    (Aramco Innovations LLC, Aramco Research Center, 119274 Moscow, Russia)

  • Maxim Orlov

    (Aramco Innovations LLC, Aramco Research Center, 119274 Moscow, Russia)

  • Mustafa Babiker

    (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim

    (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The growing demand for low-carbon fuel is predicted by ultimate goals to fit the carbon neutrality by 2050 in many countries and regions including the European Union. According to the International Energy Agency, the CO 2 emissions related to transportation stand for around 30% of total annual emissions, and so, the decarbonization of the mobility sector has the highest priority. In this work, we attempt to evaluate the expected demand for low-carbon fuels, including blue and green hydrogen, and low-carbon electricity in order to compare the available and required capacities of low-carbon fuels and electricity. According to our calculations based on the figures from 2020, the transition toward H 2 mobility would require an amount of hydrogen equal to 366 million tons/annum, and by 2035, this requirement will increase up to 422 million tons/annum, which is several times larger than the existing H 2 production capacities. We have estimated the volume of the carbon capture and storage facilities required for full decarbonization of the mobility sector globally, and in the case of hydrogen mobility driven by blue hydrogen, it exceeds 4.0 billions tons of CO 2 per annum, while the decarbonization of coal-fired plants will require more than 10.0 billions tons of CO 2 per annum. In addition to the calculation of required resources, we have estimated the cost of the fuel and required capital investments and have compared different possible solutions from different points of view: economic viability, technical readiness, and social perception. Finally, it can be concluded that the decarbonization of the mobility sector would require a complex solution involving both low-carbon hydrogen and electrification, and the capacities of low-carbon fuel must be significantly increased in the following decade to fulfill the climate goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Anton Manakhov & Maxim Orlov & Mustafa Babiker & Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim, 2022. "A Perspective on Decarbonizing Mobility: An All-Electrification vs. an All-Hydrogenization Venue," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5440-:d:873226
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guido Ala & Ilhami Colak & Gabriella Di Filippo & Rosario Miceli & Pietro Romano & Carla Silva & Stanimir Valtchev & Fabio Viola, 2021. "Electric Mobility in Portugal: Current Situation and Forecasts for Fuel Cell Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-23, November.
    2. David Jure Jovan & Gregor Dolanc, 2020. "Can Green Hydrogen Production Be Economically Viable under Current Market Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Janos Lucian Breuer & Juri Scholten & Jan Christian Koj & Felix Schorn & Marc Fiebrandt & Remzi Can Samsun & Rolf Albus & Klaus Görner & Detlef Stolten & Ralf Peters, 2022. "An Overview of Promising Alternative Fuels for Road, Rail, Air, and Inland Waterway Transport in Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-65, February.
    4. Remzi Can Samsun & Michael Rex & Laurent Antoni & Detlef Stolten, 2022. "Deployment of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Station Infrastructure: A Global Overview and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-34, July.
    5. Amin Lahnaoui & Christina Wulf & Didier Dalmazzone, 2021. "Optimization of Hydrogen Cost and Transport Technology in France and Germany for Various Production and Demand Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Wojciech Rabiega & Artur Gorzałczyński & Robert Jeszke & Paweł Mzyk & Krystian Szczepański, 2021. "How Long Will Combustion Vehicles Be Used? Polish Transport Sector on the Pathway to Climate Neutrality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    7. Umair Yaqub Qazi, 2022. "Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-40, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rahat Javaid & Umair Yaqub Qazi, 2023. "Advances in CO 2 -Free Energy Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-3, June.

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