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Different Approaches for Evaluation and Modeling of the Effective Thermal Resistance of Groundwater-Filled Boreholes

Author

Listed:
  • Oleg Todorov

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Kari Alanne

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Markku Virtanen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland)

  • Risto Kosonen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
    College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China)

Abstract

Groundwater-filled boreholes are a common solution in Scandinavian installations of ground source heat pumps (GSHP) due to the particular hydro-geological conditions with existing bedrock, and groundwater levels close to the surface. Different studies have highlighted the advantage of water-filled boreholes compared with their grouted counterparts since the natural convection of water within the borehole tends to decrease the effective thermal resistance R b *. In this study, several methods are proposed for the evaluation and modeling of the effective thermal resistance of groundwater-filled boreholes. They are based on distributed temperature sensing (DTS) measurements of six representative boreholes within the irregular 74-single-U 300 m-deep borehole field of Aalto New Campus Complex (ANCC). These methods are compared with the recently developed correlations for groundwater-filled boreholes, which are implemented within the python-based simulation toolbox Pygfunction . The results from the enhanced Pygfunction simulation with daily update of R b * show very good agreement with the measured mean fluid temperature of the first 39 months of system operation (March 2018–May 2021). It is observed that in real operation the effective thermal resistance R b * can vary significantly, and therefore it is concluded that the update of R b * is crucial for a reliable long-term simulation of groundwater-filled boreholes.

Suggested Citation

  • Oleg Todorov & Kari Alanne & Markku Virtanen & Risto Kosonen, 2021. "Different Approaches for Evaluation and Modeling of the Effective Thermal Resistance of Groundwater-Filled Boreholes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:6908-:d:661365
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Gehlin, Signhild E.A., 2015. "Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—An historical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1125-1137.
    2. Oleg Todorov & Kari Alanne & Markku Virtanen & Risto Kosonen, 2021. "A Novel Data Management Methodology and Case Study for Monitoring and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) and Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    3. Oleg Todorov & Kari Alanne & Markku Virtanen & Risto Kosonen, 2020. "Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) for District Heating and Cooling: A Novel Modeling Approach Applied in a Case Study of a Finnish Urban District," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Johnsson, Josef & Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 2019. "Modelling and evaluation of groundwater filled boreholes subjected to natural convection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Javed, Saqib & Ramstad, Randi Kalskin, 2016. "Natural convection in groundwater-filled boreholes used as ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 352-365.
    6. Liebel, Heiko T. & Javed, Saqib & Vistnes, Gunnar, 2012. "Multi-injection rate thermal response test with forced convection in a groundwater-filled borehole in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 263-268.
    7. Gustafsson, A.-M. & Westerlund, L., 2011. "Heat extraction thermal response test in groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger – Investigation of the borehole thermal resistance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2388-2394.
    8. Javed, Saqib & Spitler, Jeffrey, 2017. "Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 790-806.
    9. Paul Christodoulides & Ana Vieira & Stanislav Lenart & João Maranha & Gregor Vidmar & Rumen Popov & Aleksandar Georgiev & Lazaros Aresti & Georgios Florides, 2020. "Reviewing the Modeling Aspects and Practices of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-45, August.
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