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Effect of natural convection on thermal response test conducted in saturated porous formation: Comparison of gravel-backfilled and cement-grouted borehole heat exchangers

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  • Choi, Wonjun
  • Ooka, Ryozo

Abstract

Thermal response tests (TRTs) have been conducted to evaluate two design parameters of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs): effective thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance. The effect of natural convection on groundwater-filled BHE performance has been reported mainly from northern Europe. Even in a backfilled or grouted BHE, if the formation is saturated and composed of porous medium, the estimation may depend on the heat injection rate. In this study, we experimentally examined the effect of natural convection on TRTs conducted in saturated porous formation. TRTs were conducted with two BHEs having the same geometry but different backfill materials: one was cement-grouted and the other was gravel-backfilled. TRTs were conducted for each BHE at two different heat injection rates (approximately 45 W/m and 90 W/m). The TRT data were analyzed by a parameter estimation method using a temporal superposition-applied infinite line source model. The results show that when the heat rate was almost doubled, the borehole thermal resistances of the gravel-backfilled and cement-grouted BHEs decreased by 9.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Based on the results, discussions on existing design methods related to typical practices in TRTs and advantages of backfilled BHEs from the perspectives of performance and constructability are presented.

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  • Choi, Wonjun & Ooka, Ryozo, 2016. "Effect of natural convection on thermal response test conducted in saturated porous formation: Comparison of gravel-backfilled and cement-grouted borehole heat exchangers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 891-903.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:96:y:2016:i:pa:p:891-903
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.040
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    Cited by:

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    3. Zhang, Changxing & Song, Wei & Liu, Yufeng & Kong, Xiangqiang & Wang, Qing, 2019. "Effect of vertical ground temperature distribution on parameter estimation of in-situ thermal response test with unstable heat rate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 264-274.
    4. Ahmed A. Serageldin & Ali Radwan & Yoshitaka Sakata & Takao Katsura & Katsunori Nagano, 2020. "The Effect of Groundwater Flow on the Thermal Performance of a Novel Borehole Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems: Small Scale Experiments and Numerical Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
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    7. Javadi, Hossein & Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Soheil & Rosen, Marc A. & Pourfallah, Mohsen, 2019. "Performance of ground heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of recent advances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 207-233.
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    9. Adel Eswiasi & Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, 2021. "Performance of Conventional and Innovative Single U-Tube Pipe Configuration in Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger (VGHE)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
    10. Brunetti, Giuseppe & Saito, Hirotaka & Saito, Takeshi & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2017. "A computationally efficient pseudo-3D model for the numerical analysis of borehole heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1113-1127.
    11. Choi, Wonjun & Kikumoto, Hideki & Choudhary, Ruchi & Ooka, Ryozo, 2018. "Bayesian inference for thermal response test parameter estimation and uncertainty assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 306-321.
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    14. Zhang, Guozhu & Cao, Ziming & Xiao, Suguang & Guo, Yimu & Li, Chenglin, 2022. "A promising technology of cold energy storage using phase change materials to cool tunnels with geothermal hazards," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
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    16. Choi, Wonjun & Menberg, Kathrin & Kikumoto, Hideki & Heo, Yeonsook & Choudhary, Ruchi & Ooka, Ryozo, 2018. "Bayesian inference of structural error in inverse models of thermal response tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1473-1485.
    17. Ignacio Martín Nieto & Cristina Sáez Blázquez & Arturo Farfán Martín & Diego González-Aguilera, 2020. "Analysis of the Influence of Reducing the Duration of a Thermal Response Test in a Water-Filled Geothermal Borehole Located in Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
    18. Gordon, David & Bolisetti, Tirupati & Ting, David S-K. & Reitsma, Stanley, 2018. "Experimental and analytical investigation on pipe sizes for a coaxial borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 946-953.
    19. Daehoon Kim & Seokhoon Oh, 2018. "Optimizing the Design of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger: Measurement of the Thermal Properties of Bentonite-Based Grout and Numerical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, July.
    20. Zhao, Zilong & Lin, Yu-Feng & Stumpf, Andrew & Wang, Xinlei, 2022. "Assessing impacts of groundwater on geothermal heat exchangers: A review of methodology and modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 121-147.
    21. Ravi Shanker, Ganesh & Homan, K.O., 2022. "Convective transport from geothermal borehole heat exchangers embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 328-342.
    22. Adel Eswiasi & Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, 2020. "Critical Review on Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers in Heat Pump Systems," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-21, June.
    23. Khaled Salhein & C. J. Kobus & Mohamed Zohdy, 2022. "Control of Heat Transfer in a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for a Geothermal Heat Pump System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-24, July.
    24. Hossein Javadi & Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi & Marc A. Rosen & Mohsen Pourfallah, 2018. "A Comprehensive Review of Backfill Materials and Their Effects on Ground Heat Exchanger Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, November.

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