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Influence of Continuous Provision of Synthetic Inertia on the Mechanical Loads of a Wind Turbine

Author

Listed:
  • Arne Gloe

    (Wind Energy Technology Institute, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany)

  • Clemens Jauch

    (Wind Energy Technology Institute, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany)

  • Bogdan Craciun

    (Innovation and Strategic Research, SUZLON Energy Ltd., 18057 Rostock, Germany)

  • Arvid Zanter

    (Key Components, SUZLON Energy Ltd., 18057 Rostock, Germany)

  • Jörg Winkelmann

    (Innovation and Strategic Research, SUZLON Energy Ltd., 18057 Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

In many electrical grids, the share of renewable energy generation increases. As these generators are typically connected to the grid via inverters, the level of grid inertia decreases. Such grids may therefore suffer from high rates of change of frequency during power imbalances. Modern wind turbines can help in controlling the frequency in such grids by providing synthetic inertia. A controller to provide synthetic inertia with wind turbines was developed at the Wind Energy Technology Institute in collaboration with Suzlon Energy. For this controller the influence of providing synthetic inertia on the mechanical loads of the wind turbine is assessed for different grid frequency scenarios. Such a scenario-based load analysis has not been published before, especially as the scenarios are derived from real measurements. The effect of the loads strongly depends on the analyzed grid frequency behavior. Ten months of high quality grid frequency measurements of the Indian grid are analyzed in order to derive inputs for the load calculation. Different types of grid frequency abnormities are identified and categorized with respect to their severity. Based on the observed occurrences of the grid frequency abnormities, realistic scenarios for the load calculations are chosen. The load calculations are performed for a state-of-the-art Suzlon wind turbine generator. The load increases caused by the supply of synthetic inertia are calculated for individual components assuming an otherwise undisturbed power production of the wind turbine in turbulent wind. Furthermore, a hardware-in-the-loop test bench is used to show how the measured grid frequencies are actually perceived by the control system of a typical wind turbine. The original frequency data were recorded with high quality measurement equipment, which is faster and more accurate than a multi-function relay, often used in wind turbines. For exemplary time traces, the effect of the reduced measurement accuracy on the reaction of the wind turbine is shown. This aspect has not been investigated in the literature yet. The results show that wind turbines can provide synthetic inertia without a considerable effect on the lifetime of the wind turbine. However, there are still problems with providing synthetic inertia reliably at high power operating points, which have to be solved.

Suggested Citation

  • Arne Gloe & Clemens Jauch & Bogdan Craciun & Arvid Zanter & Jörg Winkelmann, 2021. "Influence of Continuous Provision of Synthetic Inertia on the Mechanical Loads of a Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:5185-:d:619288
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arne Gloe & Clemens Jauch & Thomas Räther, 2021. "Grid Support with Wind Turbines: The Case of the 2019 Blackout in Flensburg," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Díaz-González, Francisco & Hau, Melanie & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2014. "Participation of wind power plants in system frequency control: Review of grid code requirements and control methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 551-564.
    3. Clemens Jauch & Arne Gloe, 2019. "Simultaneous Inertia Contribution and Optimal Grid Utilization with Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, August.
    4. Aitor Saenz-Aguirre & Ekaitz Zulueta & Unai Fernandez-Gamiz & Javier Lozano & Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede, 2019. "Artificial Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning for Wind Turbine Yaw Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Clemens Jauch, 2021. "Grid Services and Stress Reduction with a Flywheel in the Rotor of a Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, April.
    6. Mathias Arbeiter & Martin Hopp & Martin Huhn, 2021. "LVRT Impact on Tower Loads, Drivetrain Torque and Rotational Speed—Measurement Results of a 2-MW Class DFIG Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-13, June.
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