IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i16p4898-d612116.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of the Pyrolysis Process Applied to Waste Branches Biomass from Fruit Trees on the Calorific Value of the Biochar and Dust Explosivity

Author

Listed:
  • Bogdan Saletnik

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Marcin Bajcar

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Aneta Saletnik

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Zaguła

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Czesław Puchalski

    (Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

Abstract

The article discusses the findings related to the calorific value as well as the explosion and combustion parameters of dust from the raw biomass of fruit trees, i.e., apple, cherry, and pear branches, and from biochars produced using this type of biomass during pyrolysis processes conducted under various conditions. The plant biomass was thermally processed at 400, 450, or 500 °C for a duration of 5, 10, or 15 min. The study aimed to identify the calorific value of the biomass obtained from waste produced in orchards and to estimate the explosion hazard during the processing of such materials and during the storage of the resulting solid fuels. Tests were conducted to assess the total contents of carbon, ash, nitrogen, hydrogen, and volatile substances as well as the calorific value. The findings show a significant effect of the thermal transformation of fruit tree branches on the calorific value of the biochars that were produced. It was found that the mean calorific value of all of the biochars was increased by 62.24% compared to the non-processed biomass. More specifically, the mean calorific values of the biochars produced from apple, cherry, and pear branches amounted to 27.90, 28.75, and 26.84 MJ kg −1 , respectively. The maximum explosion pressure P max measured for the dust from the biomass and for the biochars was in the range 7.56–7.8 and 7.95–11.72 bar, respectively. The maximum rate of pressure rose over time ( dp/dt ) max in the case of the dust from the biomass, which was in the range of 274.77–284.97 bar s −1 , and the dust from biochar amounted to 282.05–353.41 bar s −1 . The explosion index K st max measured for non-processed biomass and biochars was found to range from 74.46 to 77.23 and from 76.447 to 95.77 bar s −1 , respectively. It was also shown that a change in the temperature and duration of the pyrolysis process affected the quality of the biochars that were obtained. The findings show that pyrolysis, as a method of plant biomass processing, positively affects the calorific value of the products and does not lead to an increased risk of explosion during the treatment and storage of such materials. It is necessary, however, to continue research on biomass processing in order to develop practices that adequately ensure safety during the production of novel fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Bogdan Saletnik & Marcin Bajcar & Aneta Saletnik & Grzegorz Zaguła & Czesław Puchalski, 2021. "Effect of the Pyrolysis Process Applied to Waste Branches Biomass from Fruit Trees on the Calorific Value of the Biochar and Dust Explosivity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4898-:d:612116
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4898/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4898/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Seonggyu Pak & Seongho Jung & Changhyun Roh & Chankyu Kang, 2019. "Case Studies for Dangerous Dust Explosions in South Korea during Recent Years," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Jakub Styks & Marek Wróbel & Jarosław Frączek & Adrian Knapczyk, 2020. "Effect of Compaction Pressure and Moisture Content on Quality Parameters of Perennial Biomass Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Xuejun Qian & Jingwen Xue & Yulai Yang & Seong W. Lee, 2021. "Thermal Properties and Combustion-Related Problems Prediction of Agricultural Crop Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Yu-Ying & Liu, Hsuan-Cheng & Baroutian, Saeid, 2020. "Optimization of food waste hydrothermal liquefaction by a two-step process in association with a double analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    5. Haghighi Mood, Sohrab & Hossein Golfeshan, Amir & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Salehi Jouzani, Gholamreza & Najafi, Gholam Hassan & Gholami, Mehdi & Ardjmand, Mehdi, 2013. "Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 77-93.
    6. Jayanto Kumar Sarkar & Qingyue Wang, 2020. "Different Pyrolysis Process Conditions of South Asian Waste Coconut Shell and Characterization of Gas, Bio-Char, and Bio-Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Choi, Hang Seok & Choi, Yeon Seok & Park, Hoon Chae, 2012. "Fast pyrolysis characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass with varying reaction conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 131-135.
    8. Marcin Bajcar & Grzegorz Zaguła & Bogdan Saletnik & Maria Tarapatskyy & Czesław Puchalski, 2018. "Relationship between Torrefaction Parameters and Physicochemical Properties of Torrefied Products Obtained from Selected Plant Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Adeleke, Adekunle A. & Ikubanni, Peter P. & Emmanuel, Stephen S. & Fajobi, Moses O. & Nwachukwu, Praise & Adesibikan, Ademidun A. & Odusote, Jamiu K. & Adeyemi, Emmanuel O. & Abioye, Oluwaseyi M. & Ok, 2024. "A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Juju Jiang & Xiaoquan Li & Siting Liang & Yuankun Zhong & Lei Yang & Peng Hao & Jeffrey Soar, 2022. "Study of Parameters and Theory of Sucrose Dust Explosion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Adeleke, Adekunle A. & Ikubanni, Peter P. & Emmanuel, Stephen S. & Fajobi, Moses O. & Nwachukwu, Praise & Adesibikan, Ademidun A. & Odusote, Jamiu K. & Adeyemi, Emmanuel O. & Abioye, Oluwaseyi M. & Ok, 2024. "A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Adrian Knapczyk & Sławomir Francik & Marcin Jewiarz & Agnieszka Zawiślak & Renata Francik, 2020. "Thermal Treatment of Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis—The Torrefaction Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Sajid, Zaman, 2021. "A dynamic risk assessment model to assess the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the sustainability of the biomass supply chain: A case study of a U.S. biofuel industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Rodriguez, Cristina & Alaswad, A. & Benyounis, K.Y. & Olabi, A.G., 2017. "Pretreatment techniques used in biogas production from grass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1193-1204.
    5. Lauri Leppäkoski & Miika P. Marttila & Ville Uusitalo & Jarkko Levänen & Vilma Halonen & Mirja H. Mikkilä, 2021. "Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Biochar from Willow Grown on Marginal Lands in Finland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Shirkavand, Ehsan & Baroutian, Saeid & Gapes, Daniel J. & Young, Brent R., 2016. "Combination of fungal and physicochemical processes for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 217-234.
    7. Blessing Chidinma Nwachukwu & Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro & Olubukola Oluranti Babalola, 2021. "Elucidating the Rhizosphere Associated Bacteria for Environmental Sustainability," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, January.
    8. Zhao, Xuebing & Liu, Wei & Deng, Yulin & Zhu, J.Y., 2017. "Low-temperature microbial and direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to electricity: Advances and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 268-282.
    9. Sahu, Omprakash, 2021. "Appropriateness of rose (Rosa hybrida) for bioethanol conversion with enzymatic hydrolysis: Sustainable development on green fuel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    10. Song, Younho & Cho, Eun Jin & Park, Chan Song & Oh, Chi Hoon & Park, Bok-Jae & Bae, Hyeun-Jong, 2019. "A strategy for sequential fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis in bioethanol production from hardwoods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1281-1289.
    11. Ly, Hoang Vu & Lim, Dong-Hyeon & Sim, Jae Wook & Kim, Seung-Soo & Kim, Jinsoo, 2018. "Catalytic pyrolysis of tulip tree (Liriodendron) in bubbling fluidized-bed reactor for upgrading bio-oil using dolomite catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 564-575.
    12. Rooni, Vahur & Raud, Merlin & Kikas, Timo, 2017. "The freezing pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material: A cheap alternative for Nordic countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1-7.
    13. Bogdan Saletnik & Marcin Fiedur & Radosław Kwarciany & Grzegorz Zaguła & Marcin Bajcar, 2024. "Pyrolysis as a Method for Processing of Waste from Production of Cultivated Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Marcin Jewiarz & Marek Wróbel & Krzysztof Mudryk & Szymon Szufa, 2020. "Impact of the Drying Temperature and Grinding Technique on Biomass Grindability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
    15. Anna Trubetskaya, 2022. "Reactivity Effects of Inorganic Content in Biomass Gasification: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-36, April.
    16. Jakub Styks & Marek Wróbel, 2024. "Modular Open Chamber Stand for Biomass Densification Using the Example of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef Et Deu," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Alexander Gorshkov & Nikolay Berezikov & Albert Kaltaev & Stanislav Yankovsky & Konstantin Slyusarsky & Roman Tabakaev & Kirill Larionov, 2021. "Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, December.
    18. Mikulski, Dawid & Kłosowski, Grzegorz, 2023. "Cellulose hydrolysis and bioethanol production from various types of lignocellulosic biomass after microwave-assisted hydrotropic pretreatment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 168-179.
    19. Chen, Hongzhang & Fu, Xiaoguo, 2016. "Industrial technologies for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 468-478.
    20. Park, Jonghyun & Yim, Jun Ho & Cho, Seong-Heon & Jung, Sungyup & Tsang, Yiu Fai & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Jeon, Young Jae & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2024. "A virtuous cycle for thermal treatment of polyvinyl chloride and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:16:p:4898-:d:612116. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.