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Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition of Black Locust, Poplar and Willow Biomass

Author

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  • Paweł Stachowicz

    (Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski

    (Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Biomass is currently the main renewable energy source (RES) in the EU, particularly in Poland. Solid biomass for energy purposes is primarily sourced from forests, the wood processing industry, and agriculture. A significant source of this energy feedstock could also be short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs), including black locust, poplar, and willow. Since numerous factors determine the SRWC biomass quality, the current study aimed at assessing biomass thermophysical properties and elemental composition depending on the plant species, soil enrichment procedure, and the plant harvest rotation over a consecutive 12-year period of cultivation. The characteristics under study, including the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, higher heating value (HHV), and the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine contents, were significantly differentiated by all the main factors, i.e., the SRWC species, the soil enrichment procedure, the harvest rotation, and the interactions between these factors. The SRWC species accounted for the highest percentage of the variation in the biomass moisture content, ash content, HHV, and nitrogen content, while the harvest rotation made the largest contribution to the variation in carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine contents. The black locust biomass was characterized by the significantly lowest moisture content (an average of 38.89%) and the highest sulfur content (an average of 0.033% DM), nitrogen content (an average of 0.91% DM), and chlorine content (an average of 0.032% DM). However, poplar was characterized by the highest HHV (an average of 19.84 GJ Mg −1 DM) and the highest moisture content (56.52% DM), carbon content (56.52% DM), and ash content (an average of 1.67% DM). Willow was characterized by the lowest ash content (an average of 1.67% DM), a medium moisture content, and the lowest nitrogen content (an average of 0.38% DM) and chlorine content (an average of 0.19% DM).

Suggested Citation

  • Paweł Stachowicz & Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski, 2022. "Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition of Black Locust, Poplar and Willow Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:305-:d:1016978
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esperanza Monedero & Juan José Hernández & Rocío Collado, 2017. "Combustion-Related Properties of Poplar, Willow and Black Locust to be used as Fuels in Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Michał Krzyżaniak & Kazimierz Warmiński & Dariusz Załuski & Ewelina Olba-Zięty, 2020. "Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Ewelina Olba-Zięty & Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2021. "Economic Evaluation of the Production of Perennial Crops for Energy Purposes—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Kazimierz Warmiński & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2020. "Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Gasol, Carles M. & Brun, Filippo & Mosso, Angela & Rieradevall, Joan & Gabarrell, Xavier, 2010. "Economic assessment and comparison of acacia energy crop with annual traditional crops in Southern Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 592-597, January.
    6. Rodolfo Picchio & Francesco Latterini & Rachele Venanzi & Walter Stefanoni & Alessandro Suardi & Damiano Tocci & Luigi Pari, 2020. "Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Dudziec & Michał Krzyżaniak & Ewelina Olba-Zięty, 2021. "Solid Biomass Energy Potential as a Development Opportunity for Rural Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-21, June.
    8. Stolarski, Mariusz Jerzy & Warmiński, Kazimierz & Krzyżaniak, Michał & Olba–Zięty, Ewelina & Stachowicz, Paweł, 2020. "Energy consumption and heating costs for a detached house over a 12-year period – Renewable fuels versus fossil fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    9. Marcin Bajcar & Grzegorz Zaguła & Bogdan Saletnik & Maria Tarapatskyy & Czesław Puchalski, 2018. "Relationship between Torrefaction Parameters and Physicochemical Properties of Torrefied Products Obtained from Selected Plant Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, October.
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    1. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Łukasz Gil & Michał Krzyżaniak & Ewelina Olba-Zięty & Ai-Min Wu, 2024. "Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Natalia Wojciechowska & Mateusz Seliwiak & Tomasz Krzysztof Dobrzański, 2024. "Properties of Forest Tree Branches as an Energy Feedstock in North-Eastern Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-18, April.

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