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Influence of Graphene Nano Particles and Antioxidants with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Sandeep Krishnakumar

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering (MITE), Moodabidre 574225, Karnataka, India)

  • T. M. Yunus Khan

    (Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia)

  • C. R. Rajashekhar

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering (MITE), Moodabidre 574225, Karnataka, India)

  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole 24712, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Asif Afzal

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mangaluru 574153, India)

  • Ashraf Elfasakhany

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The main reason for the limited usage of biodiesel is it tends to oxidize when exposed to air. It is anticipated that the addition of an antioxidant along with graphene nano particle improves combustion of diesel-biodiesel blend. In the present research biodiesel made from the transesterification of waste cooking oil is used. Three synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) along with 30 ppm of graphene nano particle were added at a volume fraction of 1000 ppm to diesel–biodiesel blends (B20). The performance and emission tests were performed at constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. Because of the inclusion of graphene nano particles, surface area to the volume ratio of the fuel is augmented enhancing the mixing ability and chemical responsiveness of the fuel during burning causing superior performance, combustion and emission aspects of compression ignition engine. The results revealed that there was a slight increase in brake power and brake thermal efficiency of about 0.29%, 0.585%, 0.58% and 6.22%, 3.11%, 3.31% for B20GrBHT1000, B20GrBHA1000 and B20GrTBHQ1000, respectively, compared to B20. Additionally, BSFC, HC and NO x emissions were reduced to considerable levels for the reformed fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep Krishnakumar & T. M. Yunus Khan & C. R. Rajashekhar & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Asif Afzal & Ashraf Elfasakhany, 2021. "Influence of Graphene Nano Particles and Antioxidants with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4306-:d:596017
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hoseini, S.S. & Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Ebadi, M.T. & Mamat, R. & Yusaf, T., 2020. "Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine using graphene oxide (GO) nano-particles additives in biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 458-465.
    2. Rashed, M.M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Alabdulkarem, Abdullah & Rahman, M.M. & Imdadul, H.K. & Rashedul, H.K., 2016. "Study of the oxidation stability and exhaust emission analysis of Moringa olifera biodiesel in a multi-cylinder diesel engine with aromatic amine antioxidants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 294-303.
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    3. Iqbal Shajahan Mohamed & Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan & Murugesan Parthasarathy & Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati & Mohamed Abbas & Erdem Cuce & Saboor Shaik, 2022. "Optimization of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the CI Engine Fueled with Preheated Palm Oil in Blends with Diesel Fuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Dragiša Đorđić & Milan Milotić & Zoran Ćurguz & Slavko Đurić & Tihomir Đurić, 2021. "Experimental Testing of Combustion Parameters and Emissions of Waste Motor Oil and Its Diesel Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-11, September.
    5. Wirawan, Soni S. & Solikhah, Maharani D. & Setiapraja, Hari & Sugiyono, Agus, 2024. "Biodiesel implementation in Indonesia: Experiences and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    6. Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli & Matthew J. Hall & Francisco M. Vigil, 2022. "Determination of the Optimum Blend Ratio of Diesel, Waste Oil Derived Biodiesel and 1-Pentanol Using the Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    7. Lawrence Joseph Fernandes & C. R. Rajashekhar & T. M. Yunus Khan & Syed Javed & Rahmath Ulla Baig, 2022. "Influence of Pilot-Fueling and Nozzle-Opening Pressure on Performance and Tailpipe Emissions of WCO Biodiesel in a CRDi Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    8. Bhawna Yadav Lamba & Wei-Hsin Chen, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel Blends with High-Speed Diesels—A Comprehensive Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-15, October.

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