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The effects of grafted multiple phenolic antioxidants onto polymethacrylate type pour point depressants on the low-temperature flowability and oxidation stability of biodiesel blends

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  • Lei, Xiuwei
  • Wang, Honggang
  • Bai, Zongqing
  • Zhang, Xiaokang
  • Lin, Hualin
  • Han, Sheng

Abstract

The enhancement of cold flow properties (CFPs) and oxidative stability (OS) in biodiesel-diesel blends typically involves the use of pour point depressants and antioxidants. However, a scant number of additives are capable of manifesting both pour point depression and antioxidant functionalities concurrently. This study explored the grafting of syringic acid (SA), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DTBHA), and gallic acid (GA) onto polymethacrylate (PMA) type copolymers, culminating efficacious copolymers, namely PTG-SA, PTG-DTBHA and PTG-GA. The findings reveal that with the addition of 1500 ppm of PTG-GA, the CFPP and PP of B20 (20 vol% soybean biodiesel+80 vol% diesel) decrease by 10 and 18 °C respectively, and with the addition of 2000 ppm, the induction period (IP) of B20 can be extended from 1.34 to 8.69 h. In contrast, the application of PTG-SA and PTG-DTBHA to B20 led to inferior OS and CFPs as compared to PTG-GA. The inherent scientific mechanism that underlies this performance discrepancy was thoroughly investigated, scrutinizing it through the lens of co-crystallization and nucleation processes. This research underscores the potential of post-modification of PMA type pour point depressants with antioxidants, a strategy that not only bolsters the CFPs of B20 but also confers antioxidant attributes to the pour point depressants.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei, Xiuwei & Wang, Honggang & Bai, Zongqing & Zhang, Xiaokang & Lin, Hualin & Han, Sheng, 2024. "The effects of grafted multiple phenolic antioxidants onto polymethacrylate type pour point depressants on the low-temperature flowability and oxidation stability of biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:228:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124006840
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120616
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Bowen & Sun, Bin & Cui, Lulu & Chen, Jiahao & Chen, Xiaomin & Li, Xinyue & Wang, Zhongcheng & Han, Sheng & Xue, Yuan, 2023. "Evaluation of the star anise extract as a natural cold flow improver for enhancing the cold flow properties of diesel fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    2. Zhang, Xiaokang & Li, Nana & Wei, Zhong & Han, Sheng & Dai, Bin & Lin, Hualin, 2022. "Synthesis of nano-hybrid polymethacrylate-carbon dots as pour point depressant and combined with ethylene-vinyl acetate resin to improve the cold flow properties of diesel fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Rashed, M.M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Alabdulkarem, Abdullah & Rahman, M.M. & Imdadul, H.K. & Rashedul, H.K., 2016. "Study of the oxidation stability and exhaust emission analysis of Moringa olifera biodiesel in a multi-cylinder diesel engine with aromatic amine antioxidants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 294-303.
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