IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i23p6221-d451460.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exergy Evaluation of a Water Distribution System

Author

Listed:
  • Jedrzej Bylka

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy Poznan, University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

  • Tomasz Mróz

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy Poznan, University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in a city. Currently, many cities struggle with a water deficit problem. Water is a commonly available resource and constitutes the majority of land cover; however, its quality, in many cases, makes it impossible to use as drinking water. To treat and distribute water, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of energy to the system. An important goal of water utility operators is to assess the energy efficiency of the processes and components. Energy assessments are usually limited to the calculation of energy dissipation (sometimes called “energy loss”). From a physical point of view, the formulation of “energy loss” is incorrect; energy in water transport systems is not consumed but only transformed (dissipated) into other, less usable forms. In the water supply process, the quality of energy—exergy (ability to convert into another form)—is consumed; hence, a new evaluation approach is needed. The motivation for this study was the fact that there are no tools for exergy evaluation of water distribution systems. A model of the exergy balances for a water distribution system was proposed, which was tested for the selected case studies of a water supply system and a water treatment station. The tool developed allows us to identify the places with the highest exergy destructions. In the analysed case studies, the highest exergy destruction results from excess pressure (3939 kWh in a water supply system and 1082 kWh in a water treatment plant). The exergy analysis is more accurate for assessing the system compared to the commonly used energy-based methods. The result can be used for assessing and planning water supply system modernisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jedrzej Bylka & Tomasz Mróz, 2020. "Exergy Evaluation of a Water Distribution System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6221-:d:451460
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6221/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6221/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blanco-Marigorta, Ana M. & Masi, Marco & Manfrida, Giampaolo, 2014. "Exergo-environmental analysis of a reverse osmosis desalination plant in Gran Canaria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 223-232.
    2. Agata Rijs & Tomasz Mróz, 2019. "Exergy Evaluation of a Heat Supply System with Vapor Compression Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Jedrzej Bylka & Tomasz Mroz, 2019. "A Review of Energy Assessment Methodology for Water Supply Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-55, December.
    4. Chen, G.Q. & Ji, Xi, 2007. "Chemical exergy based evaluation of water quality," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 200(1), pages 259-268.
    5. Szargut, Jan, 1980. "International progress in second law analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 5(8), pages 709-718.
    6. BoroumandJazi, G. & Rismanchi, B. & Saidur, R., 2013. "A review on exergy analysis of industrial sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 198-203.
    7. Sharqawy, Mostafa H. & Zubair, Syed M. & Lienhard, John H., 2011. "Second law analysis of reverse osmosis desalination plants: An alternative design using pressure retarded osmosis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6617-6626.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Camilo Andrés Guerrero-Martin & Juan Sebastián Fernández-Ramírez & Jaime Eduardo Arturo-Calvache & Harvey Andrés Milquez-Sanabria & Fernando Antonio da Silva Fernandes & Vando José Costa Gomes & Wanes, 2023. "Exergy Load Distribution Analysis Applied to the Dehydration of Ethanol by Extractive Distillation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Izabela Zimoch & Ewelina Bartkiewicz & Joanna Machnik-Slomka & Iwona Klosok-Bazan & Adam Rak & Stanislav Rusek, 2021. "Sustainable Water Supply Systems Management for Energy Efficiency: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Blanco-Marigorta, A.M. & Lozano-Medina, A. & Marcos, J.D., 2017. "A critical review of definitions for exergetic efficiency in reverse osmosis desalination plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 752-760.
    2. He, Wei & Wang, Yang & Shaheed, Mohammad Hasan, 2015. "Stand-alone seawater RO (reverse osmosis) desalination powered by PV (photovoltaic) and PRO (pressure retarded osmosis)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 423-435.
    3. Eveloy, Valerie & Rodgers, Peter & Al Alili, Ali, 2017. "Multi-objective optimization of a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell – gas turbine hybrid system integrated with seawater reverse osmosis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 594-614.
    4. Qureshi, Bilal Ahmed & Zubair, Syed M., 2015. "Exergetic analysis of a brackish water reverse osmosis desalination unit with various energy recovery systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 256-265.
    5. Eveloy, Valérie & Rodgers, Peter & Qiu, Linyue, 2016. "Performance investigation of a power, heating and seawater desalination poly-generation scheme in an off-shore oil field," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 26-39.
    6. Altaee, Ali & Zhou, John & Alhathal Alanezi, Adnan & Zaragoza, Guillermo, 2017. "Pressure retarded osmosis process for power generation: Feasibility, energy balance and controlling parameters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 303-311.
    7. Zhang, Wei & Zhang, Juhua & Xue, Zhengliang, 2017. "Exergy analyses of the oxygen blast furnace with top gas recycling process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 135-146.
    8. Bejan, Adrian, 2018. "Thermodynamics today," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1208-1219.
    9. Santhanam, S. & Heddrich, M.P. & Riedel, M. & Friedrich, K.A., 2017. "Theoretical and experimental study of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (r-SOC) systems for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 202-214.
    10. Raúl Arango-Miranda & Robert Hausler & Rabindranarth Romero-López & Mathias Glaus & Sara Patricia Ibarra-Zavaleta, 2018. "An Overview of Energy and Exergy Analysis to the Industrial Sector, a Contribution to Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, January.
    11. Bazooyar, Bahamin & Hosseini, Seyyed Yaghoob & Moradi Ghoje Begloo, Solat & Shariati, Ahmad & Hashemabadi, Seyed Hassan & Shaahmadi, Fariborz, 2018. "Mixed modified Fe2O3-WO3 as new fuel borne catalyst (FBC) for biodiesel fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 438-453.
    12. Utlu, Zafer, 2015. "Investigation of the potential for heat recovery at low, medium, and high stages in the Turkish industrial sector (TIS): An application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 394-405.
    13. Leites, I.L. & Sama, D.A. & Lior, N., 2003. "The theory and practice of energy saving in the chemical industry: some methods for reducing thermodynamic irreversibility in chemical technology processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 55-97.
    14. Silveira, Jose Luz & Lamas, Wendell de Queiroz & Tuna, Celso Eduardo & Villela, Iraides Aparecida de Castro & Miro, Laura Siso, 2012. "Ecological efficiency and thermoeconomic analysis of a cogeneration system at a hospital," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2894-2906.
    15. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2016. "Energy recovery by pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) in SWRO–PRO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 687-698.
    16. Chen, G.Q. & Jiang, M.M. & Yang, Z.F. & Chen, B. & Ji, Xi & Zhou, J.B., 2009. "Exergetic assessment for ecological economic system: Chinese agriculture," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(3), pages 397-410.
    17. Soltanian, Salman & Kalogirou, Soteris A. & Ranjbari, Meisam & Amiri, Hamid & Mahian, Omid & Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Jafary, Tahereh & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Aghaei, Siavash & Pe, 2022. "Exergetic sustainability analysis of municipal solid waste treatment systems: A systematic critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    18. Yali Wang & Haidong Yang & Kangkang Xu, 2020. "Thermal Performance Combined with Cooling System Parameters Study for a Roller Kiln Based on Energy-Exergy Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-31, July.
    19. Mehrenjani, Javad Rezazadeh & Gharehghani, Ayat & Ahmadi, Samareh & Powell, Kody M., 2023. "Dynamic simulation of a triple-mode multi-generation system assisted by heat recovery and solar energy storage modules: Techno-economic optimization using machine learning approaches," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    20. Charalampos Michalakakis & Jeremy Fouillou & Richard C. Lupton & Ana Gonzalez Hernandez & Jonathan M. Cullen, 2021. "Calculating the chemical exergy of materials," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(2), pages 274-287, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6221-:d:451460. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.