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Pressure retarded osmosis process for power generation: Feasibility, energy balance and controlling parameters

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  • Altaee, Ali
  • Zhou, John
  • Alhathal Alanezi, Adnan
  • Zaragoza, Guillermo

Abstract

The feasibility of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) for power generation was evaluated with consideration of the energy inputs and losses in the process. The effects of the concentration polarization, reverse salt diffusion, and external resistance at the membrane porous layer were quantified, for the first time, along the membrane module to determine their contributions to the energy loss in the PRO process. Concentration polarization was responsible for up to 40% of the energy loss during the PRO process. However, increasing the PRO membrane modules from 1 to 4 resulted in a variable increase of the energy output depending on the salinity gradient. The energy requirements for draw and feed solution pretreatment were estimated to be over 38% of the total energy inputs. Results showed that coupling seawater (SW) with river water (RW) was unable to generate sufficient energy to compensate for the energy inputs and losses during the PRO process. With 0.39kwh/m3 maximum specific energy in the PRO process, the energy yield of reverse osmosis brine (ROB)-wastewater (WW) salinity gradient was slightly greater than the total energy inputs, although using Dead Sea-SW/ROB salinity gradient was more promising. Overall, the primary current limitation is the lack of suitable PRO membranes that can withstand a high hydraulic pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Altaee, Ali & Zhou, John & Alhathal Alanezi, Adnan & Zaragoza, Guillermo, 2017. "Pressure retarded osmosis process for power generation: Feasibility, energy balance and controlling parameters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 303-311.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:303-311
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.195
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    Cited by:

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    3. Yang Xu & Yingying Zhu & Zhen Chen & Jinyuan Zhu & Geng Chen, 2022. "A Comprehensive Review on Forward Osmosis Water Treatment: Recent Advances and Prospects of Membranes and Draw Solutes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-38, July.
    4. Ali Altaee & Nahawand AlZainati, 2020. "Novel Thermal Desalination Brine Reject-Sewage Effluent Salinity Gradient for Power Generation and Dilution of Brine Reject," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    5. Long, Rui & Lai, Xiaotian & Liu, Zhichun & Liu, Wei, 2019. "Pressure retarded osmosis: Operating in a compromise between power density and energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 592-598.
    6. Tufa, Ramato Ashu & Pawlowski, Sylwin & Veerman, Joost & Bouzek, Karel & Fontananova, Enrica & di Profio, Gianluca & Velizarov, Svetlozar & Goulão Crespo, João & Nijmeijer, Kitty & Curcio, Efrem, 2018. "Progress and prospects in reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient energy conversion and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 290-331.
    7. Mai, Van-Phung & Yang, Ruey-Jen, 2020. "Boosting power generation from salinity gradient on high-density nanoporous membrane using thermal effect," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    8. Milad Shadman & Corbiniano Silva & Daiane Faller & Zhijia Wu & Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad & Luiz Landau & Carlos Levi & Segen F. Estefen, 2019. "Ocean Renewable Energy Potential, Technology, and Deployments: A Case Study of Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-37, September.
    9. Touati, Khaled & Usman, Haamid Sani & Mulligan, Catherine N. & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Energetic and economic feasibility of a combined membrane-based process for sustainable water and energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

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