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Magnetic Field during Wireless Charging in an Electric Vehicle According to Standard SAE J2954

Author

Listed:
  • Tommaso Campi

    (Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy)

  • Silvano Cruciani

    (Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy)

  • Francesca Maradei

    (Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energetics Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy)

  • Mauro Feliziani

    (Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy)

Abstract

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice (RP) J2954 (November 2017) was recently published to standardize the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle (EV). The SAE J2954 RP establishes criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic field (EMF) safety, etc. The aim of this study was to predict the magnetic field behavior inside and outside an EV during wireless charging using the design criteria of SAE RP J2954. Analyzing the worst case configurations of WPT coils and EV bodyshell by a sophisticated software tool based on the finite element method (FEM) that takes into account the field reflection and refraction of the metal EV bodyshell, it is possible to numerically assess the magnetic field levels in the environment. The investigation was performed considering the worst case configuration—a small city car with a Class 2 WPT system of 7.7 kVA with WPT coils with maximum admissible ground clearance and offset. The results showed that the reference level (RL) of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines in terms of magnetic flux density was exceeded under and beside the EV. To mitigate the magnetic field, the currents flowing through the WPT coils were varied using the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation instead of the traditional series-series (SS) compensation. The corresponding calculated field was compliant with the 2010 ICNIRP RL and presented a limited exceedance of the 1998 ICNIRP RL. Finally, the influence of the body width on the magnetic field behavior adopting maximum offset was investigated, demonstrating that the magnetic field emission in the environment increased as the ground clearance increased and as the body width decreased.

Suggested Citation

  • Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Francesca Maradei & Mauro Feliziani, 2019. "Magnetic Field during Wireless Charging in an Electric Vehicle According to Standard SAE J2954," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:9:p:1795-:d:230300
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhengchao Yan & Yiming Zhang & Baowei Song & Kehan Zhang & Tianze Kan & Chris Mi, 2019. "An LCC-P Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System with a Constant Current Output and Reduced Receiver Size," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Valerio De Santis & Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Ilkka Laakso & Mauro Feliziani, 2018. "Assessment of the Induced Electric Fields in a Carbon-Fiber Electrical Vehicle Equipped with a Wireless Power Transfer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-9, March.
    3. Sangjoon Ann & Woo-Young Lee & Gyu-Yeong Choe & Byoung Kuk Lee, 2019. "Integrated Control Strategy for Inductive Power Transfer Systems with Primary-Side LCC Network for Load-Average Efficiency Improvement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Li Zhai & Guangyuan Zhong & Yu Cao & Guixing Hu & Xiang Li, 2019. "Research on Magnetic Field Distribution and Characteristics of a 3.7 kW Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles under Offset," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Silvano Cruciani & Tommaso Campi & Francesca Maradei & Mauro Feliziani, 2020. "Active Shielding Design and Optimization of a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System for Automotive," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Ying Liu & Jiantao Zhang & Chunbo Zhu & Ching Chuen Chan, 2022. "A Study on the Safety Analysis of an Inductive Power Transfer System for Kitchen Appliances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Ahmed A. S. Mohamed & Ahmed A. Shaier & Hamid Metwally & Sameh I. Selem, 2022. "An Overview of Dynamic Inductive Charging for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-59, August.
    4. Seokhyeon Son & Seongho Woo & Haerim Kim & Jangyong Ahn & Sungryul Huh & Sanguk Lee & Seungyoung Ahn, 2022. "Shielding Sensor Coil to Reduce the Leakage Magnetic Field and Detect the Receiver Position in Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Yue Zhou & Hussein Obeid & Salah Laghrouche & Mickael Hilairet & Abdesslem Djerdir, 2020. "A Disturbance Rejection Control Strategy of a Single Converter Hybrid Electrical System Integrating Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Francesca Maradei & Mauro Feliziani, 2021. "Two-Coil Receiver for Electrical Vehicles in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Germana Trentadue & Rosanna Pinto & Marco Zanni & Harald Scholz & Konstantinos Pliakostathis & Giorgio Martini, 2020. "Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Emitted by High-Power Charging Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-11, April.

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