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Assessment of Exposure to Electric Vehicle Inductive Power Transfer Systems: Experimental Measurements and Numerical Dosimetry

Author

Listed:
  • Ilaria Liorni

    (IT’IS Foundation, 8004 Zürich, Switzerland)

  • Oriano Bottauscio

    (INRiM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, 10139 Torino, Italy)

  • Roberta Guilizzoni

    (NPL, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK)

  • Peter Ankarson

    (RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, 501 15 Borås, Sweden)

  • Jorge Bruna

    (Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto CIRCE (Fundación CIRCE—Universidad de Zaragoza), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Arya Fallahi

    (IT’IS Foundation, 8004 Zürich, Switzerland)

  • Stuart Harmon

    (NPL, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK)

  • Mauro Zucca

    (INRiM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, 10139 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

High-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for charging light and heavy electric vehicles pose safety concerns if they are installed in uncontrolled environments. Within the framework of the European Project EMPIR-16ENG08 MICEV, a wide experimental and numerical study was conducted to assess the exposure of the general public to IPT stray magnetic fields for two different exposure scenarios: (1) for an IPT model system derived from the SAE J2954 standard operating at 85 kHz for a light electric vehicle coupled with the model of a realistic car-body model; and (2) for an IPT model system with a maximum rated power of 50 kW at 27.8 kHz for a real minibus that was reproduced with some simplifications in two different 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation tools (Opera 3D and CST software). An ad hoc measurement survey was carried out at the minibus charging station to validate the simulations of the real bus station for both aligned and misaligned IPT coils. Based on this preliminary study, a safety factor was chosen to ensure a conservative dosimetric analysis with respect to the model approximations. As highlighted in this study, the vehicle-body serves as an efficient screen to reduce the magnetic field by at least three orders of magnitude close to the coils. By applying FEM, computed spatial distribution to the Sim4Life software, the exposure of three Virtual Population human anatomical phantoms (one adult, one child, and a newborn) was assessed. The three phantoms were placed in different postures and locations for both exposure scenarios. The basic restriction limits, established by the current guidelines, were never exceeded within the vehicles; however, the basic restrictions were exceeded when an adult crouched outside the minibus, i.e., near the coils, or when a newborn was placed in the same location. Borderline values were observed in the light car. In the case of the bus, limits coming from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) guidelines are never exceeded, while basic restrictions coming from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines are exceeded up to 12% for an adult and up to 38% for a newborn. This paper presents novel dosimetric data generated in an IPT system for heavy vehicles and confirms some of the literature data on light vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilaria Liorni & Oriano Bottauscio & Roberta Guilizzoni & Peter Ankarson & Jorge Bruna & Arya Fallahi & Stuart Harmon & Mauro Zucca, 2020. "Assessment of Exposure to Electric Vehicle Inductive Power Transfer Systems: Experimental Measurements and Numerical Dosimetry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:4573-:d:367021
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valerio De Santis & Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Ilkka Laakso & Mauro Feliziani, 2018. "Assessment of the Induced Electric Fields in a Carbon-Fiber Electrical Vehicle Equipped with a Wireless Power Transfer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Villa, Juan Luis & Sallán, Jesús & Llombart, Andrés & Sanz, José Fco, 2009. "Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 355-363, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mauro Zucca & Vincenzo Cirimele & Jorge Bruna & Davide Signorino & Erika Laporta & Jacopo Colussi & Miguel Angel Alonso Tejedor & Federico Fissore & Umberto Pogliano, 2021. "Assessment of the Overall Efficiency in WPT Stations for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, February.

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