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Review of Voltage and Frequency Grid Code Specifications for Electrical Energy Storage Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Xing Luo

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Jihong Wang

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Jacek D. Wojcik

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Jianguo Wang

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Decai Li

    (School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Mihai Draganescu

    (UK National Grid, Warwick CV34 6DA, UK)

  • Yaowang Li

    (School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Shihong Miao

    (School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

To ensure the stability and reliability of the power network operation, a number of Grid Codes have been used to specify the technical boundary requirements for different countries and areas. With the fast propagation of the usage of Electrical Energy Storage (EES), it is quite important to study how the EES technology with its development can help the Grid Code realization. The paper provides a comprehensive study of Great Britain (GB) Grid Code mainly on its voltage and frequency relevant specifications, with a comparison of other countries’ grid operation regulations. The different types of EES technologies with their technical characteristics in relation to meeting Grid Codes have been analysed. From the study, apart from direct grid-connection to provide grid services on meeting Grid Codes, EES devices with different technologies can be used as auxiliary units in fossil-fuelled power plants and renewable generation to support the whole systems’ operation. The paper also evaluates the potentials of different types of EES technologies for implementing the relevant applications based on the Grid Codes. Some recommendations are given at the end, for the EES technology development to help the Grid Code realization and to support the relevant applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Xing Luo & Jihong Wang & Jacek D. Wojcik & Jianguo Wang & Decai Li & Mihai Draganescu & Yaowang Li & Shihong Miao, 2018. "Review of Voltage and Frequency Grid Code Specifications for Electrical Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1070-:d:143402
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    6. Soseul Jeong & Junghun Lee & Minhan Yoon & Gilsoo Jang, 2020. "Energy Storage System Event-Driven Frequency Control Using Neural Networks to Comply with Frequency Grid Code," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, April.
    7. Saif Ul Islam & Kamran Zeb & Soobae Kim, 2022. "Design of Robust Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Gradient Descent Algorithm with Parallel-Resonance Type Fault Current Limiter for Grid-Tied PV System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Van-Hai Bui & Xuan Quynh Nguyen & Akhtar Hussain & Wencong Su, 2021. "Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage System for Operation of Wind Farms Considering Grid-Code Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Tingting Cai & Sutong Liu & Gangui Yan & Hongbo Liu, 2019. "Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generators Participating in Continuous Frequency Regulation with Different Wind Speeds Considering Regulation Power Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.
    10. Saif Ul Islam & Soobae Kim, 2023. "Design of an Optimal Adoptive Fault Ride through Scheme for Overcurrent Protection of Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources under Symmetrical Faults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    11. Zeb, Kamran & Islam, Saif Ul & Khan, Imran & Uddin, Waqar & Ishfaq, M. & Curi Busarello, Tiago Davi & Muyeen, S.M. & Ahmad, Iftikhar & Kim, H.J., 2022. "Faults and Fault Ride Through strategies for grid-connected photovoltaic system: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
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