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Effects of Energy Storage Systems Grid Code Requirements on Interface Protection Performances in Low Voltage Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Fabio Bignucolo

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Alberto Cerretti

    (e-distribuzione Società per azioni (S.p.A.), Via Ombrone 2, 00198 Roma, Italy)

  • Massimiliano Coppo

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Andrea Savio

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

  • Roberto Turri

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

The ever-growing penetration of local generation in distribution networks and the large diffusion of energy storage systems (ESSs) foreseen in the near future are bound to affect the effectiveness of interface protection systems (IPSs), with negative impact on the safety of medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) systems. With the scope of preserving the main network stability, international and national grid connection codes have been updated recently. Consequently, distributed generators (DGs) and storage units are increasingly called to provide stabilizing functions according to local voltage and frequency. This can be achieved by suitably controlling the electronic power converters interfacing small-scale generators and storage units to the network. The paper focuses on the regulating functions required to storage units by grid codes currently in force in the European area. Indeed, even if such regulating actions would enable local units in participating to network stability under normal steady-state operating conditions, it is shown through dynamic simulations that they may increase the risk of unintentional islanding occurrence. This means that dangerous operating conditions may arise in LV networks in case dispersed generators and storage systems are present, even if all the end-users are compliant with currently applied connection standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Bignucolo & Alberto Cerretti & Massimiliano Coppo & Andrea Savio & Roberto Turri, 2017. "Effects of Energy Storage Systems Grid Code Requirements on Interface Protection Performances in Low Voltage Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:3:p:387-:d:93431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabio Bignucolo & Alberto Cerretti & Massimiliano Coppo & Andrea Savio & Roberto Turri, 2017. "Impact of Distributed Generation Grid Code Requirements on Islanding Detection in LV Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Fabio Bignucolo & Roberto Caldon & Massimiliano Coppo & Fabio Pasut & Martino Pettinà, 2017. "Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Aadil Latif & Wolfgang Gawlik & Peter Palensky, 2016. "Quantification and Mitigation of Unfairness in Active Power Curtailment of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Using Sensitivity Based Coordinated Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-16, June.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Xing Luo & Jihong Wang & Jacek D. Wojcik & Jianguo Wang & Decai Li & Mihai Draganescu & Yaowang Li & Shihong Miao, 2018. "Review of Voltage and Frequency Grid Code Specifications for Electrical Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-26, April.
    3. Francesco Simmini & Marco Agostini & Massimiliano Coppo & Tommaso Caldognetto & Andrea Cervi & Fabio Lain & Ruggero Carli & Roberto Turri & Paolo Tenti, 2020. "Leveraging Demand Flexibility by Exploiting Prosumer Response to Price Signals in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Krzysztof Dmitruk & Andrzej Sikorski, 2022. "Implementation of the Improved Active Frequency Drift Anti-Islanding Method into the Three-Phase AC/DC Converter with the LCL Grid Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
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    6. Yajing Gao & Fushen Xue & Wenhai Yang & Yanping Sun & Yongjian Sun & Haifeng Liang & Peng Li, 2017. "A Three-Part Electricity Price Mechanism for Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Power Plants Considering the Power Quality and Ancillary Service," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, August.

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