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Design of an Optimal Adoptive Fault Ride through Scheme for Overcurrent Protection of Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources under Symmetrical Faults

Author

Listed:
  • Saif Ul Islam

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Soobae Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

As the integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is rapidly increasing in regard to the existing power system, switching from grid-following (GFL) to grid-forming (GFM) inverter control is the solution to maintain grid resilience. However, additional overcurrent protection, especially during fault transition, is required due to limited overcurrent capability and the high magnitude of spikes during fault recovery in IBRs, specifically in the GFM control mode. Furthermore, the power system stability should not be compromised by the employment of additional fault ride through (FRT) schemes. This article presents the design and implementation of an adoptive fault ride through (FRT) scheme for grid-forming inverters under symmetrical fault conditions. The proposed adoptive FRT scheme is comprised of two cascaded power electronic-based circuits, i.e., fault current ride through and a spikes reactor. This adoptive FRT scheme optimizes the fault variables during the fault time and suppresses the fault clearing spikes, without affecting system stability. A three-bus inverter-based grid-forming model is used in MATLAB/Simulink for the implementation of the proposed scheme. Further, a conventionally used FRT scheme, which includes fault current reactors, is simulated in the same test environment for justification of the proposed adoptive scheme. The adoptive FRT scheme is simulated for both time domain and frequency domain to analyze the response of harmonic distortion with the suppression of the fault current. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also simulated under the GFL mode of IBRs to justify the reliability of the scheme. The overall simulation results and performance evaluation indices authenticate the optimal, fault tolerant, harmonic, and spike-free behavior of the proposed scheme at both the AC and DC side of the grid-forming inverters.

Suggested Citation

  • Saif Ul Islam & Soobae Kim, 2023. "Design of an Optimal Adoptive Fault Ride through Scheme for Overcurrent Protection of Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources under Symmetrical Faults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6705-:d:1124346
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aboutaleb Haddadi & Evangelos Farantatos & Ilhan Kocar & Ulas Karaagac, 2021. "Impact of Inverter Based Resources on System Protection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
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    3. Saif Ul Islam & Kamran Zeb & Soobae Kim, 2022. "Design of Robust Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Gradient Descent Algorithm with Parallel-Resonance Type Fault Current Limiter for Grid-Tied PV System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Muhammad Yasir Ali Khan & Haoming Liu & Salman Habib & Danish Khan & Xiaoling Yuan, 2022. "Design and Performance Evaluation of a Step-Up DC–DC Converter with Dual Loop Controllers for Two Stages Grid Connected PV Inverter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Haque, M. Mejbaul & Wolfs, Peter, 2016. "A review of high PV penetrations in LV distribution networks: Present status, impacts and mitigation measures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1195-1208.
    6. Bing Han & Yonggang Li, 2020. "Simulation Test of a DC Fault Current Limiter for Fault Ride-Through Problem of Low-Voltage DC Distribution," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, April.
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