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Characterisation of Tidal Flows at the European Marine Energy Centre in the Absence of Ocean Waves

Author

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  • Brian G. Sellar

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK)

  • Gareth Wakelam

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK)

  • Duncan R. J. Sutherland

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK)

  • David M. Ingram

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK)

  • Vengatesan Venugopal

    (School of Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK)

Abstract

The data analyses and results presented here are based on the field measurement campaign of the Reliable Data Acquisition Platform for Tidal (ReDAPT) project (Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), U.K. 2010–2015). During ReDAPT, a 1 MW commercial prototype tidal turbine was deployed and operated at the Fall of Warness tidal test site within the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC), Orkney, U.K. Mean flow speeds and Turbulence Intensity (TI) at multiple positions proximal to the machine are considered. Through the implemented wave identification techniques, the dataset can be filtered into conditions where the effects of waves are present or absent. Due to the volume of results, only flow conditions in the absence of waves are reported here. The analysis shows that TI and mean flows are found to vary considerably between flood and ebb tides whilst exhibiting sensitivity to the tidal phase and to the specification of spatial averaging and velocity binning. The principal measurement technique was acoustic Doppler profiling provided by seabed-mounted Diverging-beam Acoustic Doppler Profilers (D-ADP) together with remotely-operable Single-Beam Acoustic Doppler Profilers (SB-ADP) installed at mid-depth on the tidal turbine. This novel configuration allows inter-instrument comparisons, which were conducted. Turbulence intensity averaged over the rotor extents of the ReDAPT turbine for flood tides vary between 16.7% at flow speeds above 0.3 m/s and 11.7% when considering only flow speeds in the turbine operating speed range, which reduces to 10.9% (6.8% relative reduction) following the implementation of noise correction techniques. Equivalent values for ebb tides are 14.7%, 10.1% and 9.3% (7.9% relative reduction). For flood and ebb tides, TI values resulting from noise correction are reduced in absolute terms by 3% and 2% respectively across a wide velocity range and approximately 1% for turbine operating speeds. Through comparison with SB-ADP-derived mid-depth TI values, this correction is shown to be conservative since uncorrected SB-ADP results remain, in relative terms, between 10% and 21% below corrected D-ADP values depending on tidal direction and the range of velocities considered. Results derived from other regions of the water column, those important to floating turbine devices for example, are reported for comparison.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian G. Sellar & Gareth Wakelam & Duncan R. J. Sutherland & David M. Ingram & Vengatesan Venugopal, 2018. "Characterisation of Tidal Flows at the European Marine Energy Centre in the Absence of Ocean Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:176-:d:126469
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lewis, M. & Neill, S.P. & Robins, P. & Hashemi, M.R. & Ward, S., 2017. "Characteristics of the velocity profile at tidal-stream energy sites," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PA), pages 258-272.
    2. Milne, I.A. & Day, A.H. & Sharma, R.N. & Flay, R.G.J., 2016. "The characterisation of the hydrodynamic loads on tidal turbines due to turbulence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 851-864.
    3. Fairley, Iain & Evans, Paul & Wooldridge, Chris & Willis, Miles & Masters, Ian, 2013. "Evaluation of tidal stream resource in a potential array area via direct measurements," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 70-78.
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    1. Ewing, Fraser J. & Thies, Philipp R. & Shek, Jonathan & Ferreira, Claudio Bittencourt, 2020. "Probabilistic failure rate model of a tidal turbine pitch system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 987-997.
    2. Christelle Auguste & Philip Marsh & Jean-Roch Nader & Remo Cossu & Irene Penesis, 2020. "Towards a Tidal Farm in Banks Strait, Tasmania: Influence of Tidal Array on Hydrodynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-22, October.
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    5. Badoe, Charles E. & Edmunds, Matt & Williams, Alison J. & Nambiar, Anup & Sellar, Brian & Kiprakis, Aristides & Masters, Ian, 2022. "Robust validation of a generalised actuator disk CFD model for tidal turbine analysis using the FloWave ocean energy research facility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 232-250.
    6. Draycott, S. & Sellar, B. & Davey, T. & Noble, D.R. & Venugopal, V. & Ingram, D.M., 2019. "Capture and simulation of the ocean environment for offshore renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 15-29.
    7. Lande-Sudall, D. & Stallard, T. & Stansby, P., 2019. "Co-located deployment of offshore wind turbines with tidal stream turbine arrays for improved cost of electricity generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 492-503.
    8. Scarlett, Gabriel Thomas & Sellar, Brian & van den Bremer, Ton & Viola, Ignazio Maria, 2019. "Unsteady hydrodynamics of a full-scale tidal turbine operating in large wave conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 199-213.
    9. Evans, Luke & Ashton, Ian & Sellar, Brian, 2023. "Tidal turbine power performance assessments following IEC TS 62600-200 using measured and modelled power outputs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 138-150.
    10. Faisal Wani & Udai Shipurkar & Jianning Dong & Henk Polinder & Antonio Jarquin-Laguna & Kaswar Mostafa & George Lavidas, 2020. "Lifetime Analysis of IGBT Power Modules in Passively Cooled Tidal Turbine Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    11. Charles Greenwood & Arne Vogler & Vengatesan Venugopal, 2019. "On the Variation of Turbulence in a High-Velocity Tidal Channel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    12. Cossu, Remo & Penesis, Irene & Nader, Jean-Roch & Marsh, Philip & Perez, Larissa & Couzi, Camille & Grinham, Alistair & Osman, Peter, 2021. "Tidal energy site characterisation in a large tidal channel in Banks Strait, Tasmania, Australia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 859-870.
    13. Thomas Scarlett, Gabriel & Viola, Ignazio Maria, 2020. "Unsteady hydrodynamics of tidal turbine blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 843-855.
    14. Alyona Naberezhnykh & David Ingram & Ian Ashton & Joel Culina, 2023. "How Applicable Are Turbulence Assumptions Used in the Tidal Energy Industry?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-21, February.
    15. Perez, Larissa & Cossu, Remo & Grinham, Alistair & Penesis, Irene, 2021. "Seasonality of turbulence characteristics and wave-current interaction in two prospective tidal energy sites," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1322-1336.
    16. Hannah Mullings & Tim Stallard, 2021. "Assessment of Dependency of Unsteady Onset Flow and Resultant Tidal Turbine Fatigue Loads on Measurement Position at a Tidal Site," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, September.
    17. Faisal Wani & Udai Shipurkar & Jianning Dong & Henk Polinder, 2021. "Thermal Cycling in Converter IGBT Modules with Different Cooling Systems in Pitch- and Active Stall-Controlled Tidal Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-25, October.
    18. Luke Evans & Ian Ashton & Brian G. Sellar, 2023. "Impact on Energy Yield of Varying Turbine Designs under Conditions of Misalignment to the Current Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, May.

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