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How Applicable Are Turbulence Assumptions Used in the Tidal Energy Industry?

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  • Alyona Naberezhnykh

    (King’s Buildings Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
    College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
    The Charles Clouston Building ORIC, European Marine Energy Centre, Back Road, Stromness KW16 3AW, UK)

  • David Ingram

    (King’s Buildings Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK)

  • Ian Ashton

    (College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK)

  • Joel Culina

    (Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy, 1156 W Bay Rd, Parrsboro, NS B0M 1S0, Canada)

Abstract

As tidal current and marine hydro-kinetic energy converters start to be deployed in pre-commercial arrays, it is critical that the design conditions are properly characterised. Turbulence is known to influence fatigue loads and power production, so developers use turbulence models to generate unsteady flows in order to simulate device performance. Most such models construct a synthetic flow field using a combination of measured parameters and theoretical assumptions. The majority in use today are based on atmospheric flow conditions and may have limited applicability in tidal environments. In the present work, we compare key turbulence model assumptions (which are recommended by the tidal turbine standards and are used in design software) to turbulence measurements from two tidal test sites in Scotland and Canada. Here, we show that the two sites have different levels of conformity to theoretical models, with significant variability within nearby locations at the same site. The agreement with spectral models is shown to be depth-dependent. The vertical component spectrum is better represented by the Kaimal model, while the streamwise spectrum is better represented by the von Kármán model. With the exception of one site, the shear profiles follow a power law, although with a different exponent to that commonly assumed. Both sites show significant deviations from the theoretical length scales and isotropy ratios. Such deviations are likely to misrepresent the loads experienced by a device. These results highlight the turbulence characteristics at real deployment sites, which are not well represented by current models, and, hence, which must be determined using field measurements.

Suggested Citation

  • Alyona Naberezhnykh & David Ingram & Ian Ashton & Joel Culina, 2023. "How Applicable Are Turbulence Assumptions Used in the Tidal Energy Industry?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-21, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:4:p:1881-:d:1067896
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thomas Scarlett, Gabriel & Viola, Ignazio Maria, 2020. "Unsteady hydrodynamics of tidal turbine blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 843-855.
    2. Arturo Ortega & Joseph Praful Tomy & Jonathan Shek & Stephane Paboeuf & David Ingram, 2020. "An Inter-Comparison of Dynamic, Fully Coupled, Electro-Mechanical, Models of Tidal Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Brian G. Sellar & Gareth Wakelam & Duncan R. J. Sutherland & David M. Ingram & Vengatesan Venugopal, 2018. "Characterisation of Tidal Flows at the European Marine Energy Centre in the Absence of Ocean Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, January.
    4. Milne, I.A. & Day, A.H. & Sharma, R.N. & Flay, R.G.J., 2016. "The characterisation of the hydrodynamic loads on tidal turbines due to turbulence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 851-864.
    5. Magnus Harrold & Pablo Ouro, 2019. "Rotor Loading Characteristics of a Full-Scale Tidal Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Milne, I.A. & Day, A.H. & Sharma, R.N. & Flay, R.G.J., 2015. "Blade loading on tidal turbines for uniform unsteady flow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 338-350.
    7. Charles Greenwood & Arne Vogler & Vengatesan Venugopal, 2019. "On the Variation of Turbulence in a High-Velocity Tidal Channel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lilian Lieber & Shaun Fraser & Daniel Coles & W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith, 2024. "Sheared turbulent flows and wake dynamics of an idled floating tidal turbine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.

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