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Phosphorus runoff from Canadian agricultural land: A cross-region synthesis of edge-of-field results

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  • Liu, Jian
  • Elliott, Jane A.
  • Wilson, Henry F.
  • Macrae, Merrin L.
  • Baulch, Helen M.
  • Lobb, David A.

Abstract

Algal blooms fueled by phosphorus (P) enrichment are threatening surface water quality around the world. Although P loss from arable land is a critical contributor to P loads in many agricultural watersheds, there has been a lack of understanding of P loss patterns and drivers across regions. Here, we synthesized edge-of-field P and sediment runoff data for 30 arable fields in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario (a total of 216 site-years) to elucidate spatial and temporal differences in runoff and P mobilization in snowmelt and rainfall runoff, and discuss climatic, soil and management drivers for these patterns. Across all regions, precipitation inputs were positively correlated with runoff amounts and consequently P loads. Runoff and P losses were dominated by snowmelt across all sites, however, regional differences in runoff amounts, and P concentrations, loads and speciation were apparent. Proportions of total P in the dissolved form were greater in the prairie region (55–94% in Manitoba) than in the Great Lakes region (26–35% in Ontario). In Manitoba, dissolved P concentrations in both snowmelt and rainfall runoff were strongly positively correlated to soil Olsen P concentrations in the 0–5 cm soil depth; however, this relationship was not found for Ontario fields, where tile drainage dominated hydrologic losses. Although precipitation amounts and runoff volumes were greater in Ontario than Manitoba, some of the greatest P loads were observed from Manitoba fields, driven by management practices. This synthesis highlights the differences across the Canadian agricultural regions in P runoff patterns and drivers, and suggests the need of co-ordinated and standardized monitoring programs to better understand regional differences and inform management.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Jian & Elliott, Jane A. & Wilson, Henry F. & Macrae, Merrin L. & Baulch, Helen M. & Lobb, David A., 2021. "Phosphorus runoff from Canadian agricultural land: A cross-region synthesis of edge-of-field results," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:255:y:2021:i:c:s037837742100295x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lozier, T.M. & Macrae, M.L. & Brunke, R. & Van Eerd, L.L., 2017. "Release of phosphorus from crop residue and cover crops over the non-growing season in a cool temperate region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 39-51.
    2. Hauke Jan & Kossowski Tomasz, 2011. "Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 30(2), pages 87-93, June.
    3. Ball Coelho, B. & Murray, R. & Lapen, D. & Topp, E. & Bruin, A., 2012. "Phosphorus and sediment loading to surface waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 51-61.
    4. Ball Coelho, B. & Lapen, D. & Murray, R. & Topp, E. & Bruin, A. & Khan, B., 2012. "Nitrogen loading to offsite waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 40-50.
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    1. Jorge Andres Garcia & Angelos Alamanos, 2022. "Integrated Modelling Approaches for Sustainable Agri-Economic Growth and Environmental Improvement: Examples from Greece, Canada and Ireland," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-19, September.

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