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Achievements and challenges on the implementation of the European Directive on Port State Control

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  • Graziano, Armando
  • Mejia, Maximo Q.
  • Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe

Abstract

As a response to the strong political and public outcry for more stringent regulations regarding safety of ships in the wake of a series of maritime disasters in the 1980s and 1990s, the European Commission adopted a number of Directives on Ports State Control (PSC) that has made the provisions of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on PSC binding on all EU Member States (MSs). Directive 2009/16/EC, as amended, which entered into force on January 2011, is the latest version of those Directives. Aside from specifying targeting, inspection, and detention procedures, this piece of legislation establishes that each Member State (MS) shall be inspected every five years by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) to monitor the level of implementation and enforcement of the Directive. We analysed 25 inspection reports prepared by the Agency in connection with MSs inspections, to determine levels of implementation, compliance, and harmonisation with the provisions of the Directive 2009/16/EC. This article summarizes the main shortcomings and observations as identified in the inspection reports and concludes that while the Directive has been properly implemented by the MSs, there remain areas where harmonisation is yet to be achieved. In detail, this article detects gaps between policy and practice for EU policy makers which aim at ensuring a level playing field in Europe and avoid safety competition among countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Graziano, Armando & Mejia, Maximo Q. & Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe, 2018. "Achievements and challenges on the implementation of the European Directive on Port State Control," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 97-108.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:72:y:2018:i:c:p:97-108
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.09.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Yang, Zhisen & Yu, Qing & Yang, Zaili & Wan, Chengpeng, 2024. "A data-driven Bayesian model for evaluating the duration of detention of ships in PSC inspections," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
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    5. Panagiotis SAVIOLAKIS & Michalis PAZARZIS, 2021. "The European Response To Open Ship Registries And Flags Of Convenience Through The Creation Of Offshore And International Ship Registries," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 69-81, June.
    6. Hristos Karahalios, 2021. "Contribution of PSC Authorities to Ship Accident Prevention," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Dinis, Duarte Caldeira & Figueira, José Rui & Teixeira, Ângelo Palos, 2023. "A multiple criteria approach for ship risk classification: An alternative to the Paris MoU Ship Risk Profile," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    8. Junjie Fu & Xinqiang Chen & Shubo Wu & Chaojian Shi & Huafeng Wu & Jiansen Zhao & Pengwen Xiong, 2020. "Mining ship deficiency correlations from historical port state control (PSC) inspection data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Dinis, D. & Teixeira, A.P. & Guedes Soares, C., 2020. "Probabilistic approach for characterising the static risk of ships using Bayesian networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    10. Zhu, Jiang-Hong & Yang, Qiang & Jiang, Jun, 2023. "Identifying crucial deficiency categories influencing ship detention: A method of combining cloud model and prospect theory," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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