IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/touman/v52y2016icp440-450.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pay gap by gender in the tourism industry of Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Ferreira Freire Guimarães, Carla Regina
  • Silva, Joaquim Ramos

Abstract

This study aims to analyse wage gaps by gender in the Brazilian tourism sector. This involves investigating wage differences in order to identify the variables that determine the wages paid for these activities. We sourced our statistics from the micro-data collected by the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2012. We deployed the decomposition of Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) to measure the differences in wages within the sector. Through this decomposition, we conclude that gender pay discrimination exists in tourism in Brazil, demonstrating that women are less valued than men even when sharing the same job characteristics. As a result, we make policy recommendations and put forward suggestions for further research on the subject.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferreira Freire Guimarães, Carla Regina & Silva, Joaquim Ramos, 2016. "Pay gap by gender in the tourism industry of Brazil," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 440-450.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:52:y:2016:i:c:p:440-450
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517715001569
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barros, Carlos Pestana & Botti, Laurent & Peypoch, Nicolas & Robinot, Elisabeth & Solonandrasana, Bernardin & A., George Assaf, 2011. "Performance of French destinations: Tourism attraction perspectives," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 141-146.
    2. Gary S. Becker, 1962. "Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis," NBER Chapters, in: Investment in Human Beings, pages 9-49, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Introduction to "Schooling, Experience, and Earnings"," NBER Chapters, in: Schooling, Experience, and Earnings, pages 1-4, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Fortin, Nicole & Lemieux, Thomas & Firpo, Sergio, 2011. "Decomposition Methods in Economics," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 1, pages 1-102, Elsevier.
    5. Ma del Mar Salinas-Jim鮥z & Marta Rahona-L󰥺 & In鳠P. Murillo-Huertas, 2013. "Gender wage differentials and educational mismatch: an application to the Spanish case," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(30), pages 4226-4235, October.
    6. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling, Experience, and Earnings," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number minc74-1.
    7. Amélia Bastos & Graça Leão Fernandes & José Passos, 2004. "Estimation of Gender Wage Discrimination in the Portuguese Labour Market," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 19, pages 35-48, June.
    8. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    9. Akhmedjonov, Alisher, 2012. "New evidence on pay gap between men and women in Turkey," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 32-34.
    10. Ben Jann, 2008. "A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition," ETH Zurich Sociology Working Papers 5, ETH Zurich, Chair of Sociology, revised 14 May 2008.
    11. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    12. Julie A. Nelson, 2014. "The power of stereotyping and confirmation bias to overwhelm accurate assessment: the case of economics, gender, and risk aversion," Journal of Economic Methodology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 211-231, September.
    13. Lirandina GOMES & Joaquim RAMOS SILVA, 2014. "SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE HOTEL NETWORKS IN BRAZIL,Evidence from the Northern Coast of Bahia," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 39-55, December.
    14. Jacob Mincer, 1958. "Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(4), pages 281-281.
    15. Phelps, Edmund S, 1972. "The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(4), pages 659-661, September.
    16. Arrow, Kenneth J., 1973. "Higher education as a filter," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 193-216, July.
    17. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling and Earnings," NBER Chapters, in: Schooling, Experience, and Earnings, pages 41-63, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Pilar Gonzalez & Luis Delfim Santos & Maria Clementina Santos, 2009. "Education and gender wage differentials in Portugal: what can we learn from an age cohort analysis?," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 263-278.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pastore, Francesco & Webster, Allan & Hope, Kevin, 2020. "Assessing the Role of Women in Tourism Related Sectors in the Caribbean," IZA Discussion Papers 13486, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. C. Austin Davis & Jennifer P. Poole, . "Can multinational firms promote gender equality? The role of labour mobility," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    3. Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "A Tale of Parallel Processes of Gender (In-)Equality: How Big Is the Glass Ceilings for MENA Women?," IZA Discussion Papers 15152, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Azzurra Rinaldi & Irene Salerno, 2020. "The tourism gender gap and its potential impact on the development of the emerging countries," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(5), pages 1465-1477, December.
    5. Carvalho, Inês & Costa, Carlos & Lykke, Nina & Torres, Anália, 2019. "Beyond the glass ceiling: Gendering tourism management," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 79-91.
    6. María Jesús Carrasco-Santos & Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez & Eva Royo Rodríguez, 2020. "Why Is the Spanish Hotel Trade Lagging So Far Behind in Gender Equality? A Sustainability Question," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Joaquim Ramos Silva & Carla Regina Ferreira Freire Guimarães, 2017. "Wage differentials in Brazil: Tourism vs. other service sectors," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1319606-131, January.
    8. Gustavo Tietz Cazeri & Izabela Simon Rampasso & Walter Leal Filho & Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas & Milena Pavan Serafim & Rosley Anholon, 2021. "Gender Wage Gaps in Brazilian Companies Listed in the Ibovespa Index: A Critical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, June.
    9. Haroon Ur Rashid Khan & Anwar Khan & Khalid Zaman & Agha Amad Nabi & Sanil S. Hishan & Talat Islam, 2017. "Gender discrimination in education, health, and labour market: a voice for equality," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2245-2266, September.
    10. Banerjee, Snehasish & Chua, Alton Y.K., 2020. "How alluring is the online profile of tour guides?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    11. Francisca Rosa Álamo-Vera & Lidia Hernández-López & José Luis Ballesteros-Rodríguez & Petra De Saá-Pérez, 2020. "Competence Development and Employability Expectations: A Gender Perspective of Mobility Programmes in Higher Education," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. François Rycx & Giulia Santosuosso & Guillaume Vermeylen, 2022. "The over-education wage penalty among PhD holders: a European perspective," Working Papers CEB 22-009, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Günalp, Burak & Cilasun, Seyit Mümin & Acar, Elif Öznur, 2013. "Male-Female Labor Market Participation and the Extent of Gender-Based Wage Discrimination in Turkey," MPRA Paper 51503, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Günalp, Burak & Cilasun, Seyit Mümin & Acar, Elif Öznur, 2013. "Male-Female Labor Market Participation and the Extent of Gender-Based Wage Discrimination in Turkey," MPRA Paper 51503, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Joaquim Ramos Silva & Carla Regina Ferreira Freire Guimarães, 2017. "Wage differentials in Brazil: Tourism vs. other service sectors," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1319606-131, January.
    5. Gomes, Magno Rogério & Souza, Solange de Cássia Inforzato de & Mantovani, Gabriela Gomes & Paiva, Vanessa Fortunato de, 2020. "Wage gap decomposition models: A methodological contribution," Brazilian Review of Econometrics, Sociedade Brasileira de Econometria - SBE, vol. 39(2), March.
    6. Gomes, Magno Rogério & Souza, Solange de Cássia Inforzato de & Mantovani, Gabriela Gomes & Paiva, Vanessa Fortunato de, 2019. "Wage gap decomposition models: A methodological contribution," Brazilian Review of Econometrics, Sociedade Brasileira de Econometria - SBE, vol. 39(2).
    7. Hans Dietrich & Harald Pfeifer & Felix Wenzelmann, 2016. "The more they spend, the more I earn? Firms' training investments and post-training wages of apprentices," Economics of Education Working Paper Series 0116, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW).
    8. Jean-Marc Fournier & Isabell Koske, 2012. "The determinants of earnings inequality: evidence from quantile regressions," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2012(1), pages 7-36.
    9. Arceo-Gómez, Eva O. & Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M., 2014. "Evolución de la brecha salarial de género en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(323), pages .619-653, julio-sep.
    10. Gustavo Yamada, 2007. "Retornos a la educación superior en el mercado laboral: ¿vale la pena el esfuerzo?," Diagnóstico y propuesta, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social.
    11. Ebenezer Lemven Wirba & Fiennasah Annif’ Akem & Francis Menjo Baye, 2021. "Earnings gap between men and women in the informal labor market in Cameroon," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 1466-1491, August.
    12. Zveglich, Joseph E. & van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana & Laviña, Editha A., 2019. "Expected work experience and the gender wage gap: A new human capital measure," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 372-383.
    13. Flávio Kauê Fiuza-Moura & Katy Maia & Solange Cassia Inforzato de Souza & Magno Rogério Gomes & Paulo Reis Mourão, 2019. "The luck of being of the right gender and color: a detailed discussion about the wage gaps in the Brazilian manufacturing industry," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1275-1300, May.
    14. Polachek, Solomon W., 2008. "Earnings Over the Life Cycle: The Mincer Earnings Function and Its Applications," Foundations and Trends(R) in Microeconomics, now publishers, vol. 4(3), pages 165-272, April.
    15. El Moctar LAGHLAL, 2018. "Decomposition of urban-rural inequality in Mauritania," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2587, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    16. Atif Khan Jadoon & Ambreen Sarwar, 2020. "Is Trade Liberalisation Pro‐Poor in Pakistan? Evidence from Large‐Scale Manufacturing," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 53(3), pages 360-394, September.
    17. Jelena Lausev, 2014. "WHAT HAS 20 YEARS OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PAY GAP LITERATURE TOLD US? EASTERN EUROPEAN TRANSITIONING vs. DEVELOPED ECONOMIES," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 516-550, July.
    18. Petreski, Marjan. & Mojsoska-Blazevski, Nikica., 2015. "The gender and motherhood wage gap in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia : an econometric analysis," ILO Working Papers 994895293402676, International Labour Organization.
    19. Jefferson Andronio Ramundo Staduto & Amarildo Hersen, 2011. "Decomposition of labor earnings: an analysis between metropolitan regions and non-metropolitan regions in Brazil," ERSA conference papers ersa10p113, European Regional Science Association.
    20. Stefan Gravemeyer & Thomas Gries & Jinjun Xue, 2008. "Discrimination, Income Determination and Inequality – The case of Shenzhen," Working Papers CIE 16, Paderborn University, CIE Center for International Economics.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:52:y:2016:i:c:p:440-450. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/tourism-management .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.