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Evolución de la brecha salarial de género en México

Author

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  • Arceo-Gómez, Eva O.

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica.)

  • Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M.

    (El Colegio de México)

Abstract

We analize the gender wage gap in Mexico using the population censuses from 1990 to 2010. The wage gap has decreased on average during this period. In 2010, the gender wage gap was about 6%. However, the average hides important aspects of the wage gap across the distribution of wages. We find a stable pattern of “sticky floors” and a decreasing pattern of “glass ceilings” over the period. We use a semiparametric method to decompose the wage gap on changes in characteristics and changes in prices, and we also correct for selection of women into the labor market. Thus, we come to the conclusion that most of the wage gap is due to differences in prices. When we correct for selection, we find that the wage gap could have been greater suggesting that there is positive selection of females into the labor market. This selection is more prominent for females with low education and in lower quantiles.// El artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género en México entre 1990 y 2010 utilizando los censos de población. En promedio, la brecha salarial ha disminuido en el periodo. En 2010 la brecha salarial de género fue de 6%. El promedio no describe el comportamiento de la brecha en la distribución. Hallamos un patrón estable de “piso pegajoso” y un patrón decreciente de “techo de cristal” a lo largo de la distribución en este periodo. Utilizamos un método semiparamétrico para descomponer la brecha salarial en características y precios, y corregimos por la selección de las mujeres al mercado laboral. La mayor parte de la brecha salarial se debe al efecto de precios y no de características. Al corregir por selección la brecha salarial resulta mayor, lo cual sugiere que existe selección positiva de las mujeres; ésta se acentúa en el caso de las mujeres de baja educación y en cuantiles bajos.

Suggested Citation

  • Arceo-Gómez, Eva O. & Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M., 2014. "Evolución de la brecha salarial de género en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(323), pages .619-653, julio-sep.
    • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:323:p:619-653
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i323.125
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    1. Reyna Elizabeth Rodriguez Pérez, 2018. "Brecha salarial por género en México: Desde un enfoque regional, según su exposición a la apertura comercial 2005-2015," Nóesis. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Nóesis. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, vol. 27, pages 19-38, 54.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    género; brecha salarial; selección; econometría no paramétrica; México.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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