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Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

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  • Nanda, Malaya R.
  • Zhang, Yongsheng
  • Yuan, Zhongshun
  • Qin, Wensheng
  • Ghaziaskar, Hassan S.
  • Xu, Chunbao (Charles)

Abstract

The exponential growth of biodiesel industries all around the world has produced a large amount of glycerol as a byproduct, which must be valorized for the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Ketalization of glycerol with acetone to synthesize solketal-a potential fuel additive is one of the most promising routes for valorization of glycerol. In this article, state-of-the-art of glycerol ketalization is reviewed, focusing on innovative and potential technologies towards sustainable production of solketal. The glycerol ketalization processes developed in both batch and continuous reactors and performance of some typical catalysts are compared. The mechanisms for the acid-catalyzed conversion of glycerol into solketal are presented. The main operation issues related to catalytic conversion of crude glycerol in a continuous-flow process and the direct use of crude glycerol are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nanda, Malaya R. & Zhang, Yongsheng & Yuan, Zhongshun & Qin, Wensheng & Ghaziaskar, Hassan S. & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2016. "Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1022-1031.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:56:y:2016:i:c:p:1022-1031
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.008
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    1. Nanda, Malaya R. & Yuan, Zhongshun & Qin, Wensheng & Ghaziaskar, Hassan S. & Poirier, Marc-Andre & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2014. "A new continuous-flow process for catalytic conversion of glycerol to oxygenated fuel additive: Catalyst screening," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 75-81.
    2. Lin, Lin & Cunshan, Zhou & Vittayapadung, Saritporn & Xiangqian, Shen & Mingdong, Dong, 2011. "Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1020-1031, April.
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    1. Is Fatimah & Imam Sahroni & Ganjar Fadillah & Muhammad Miqdam Musawwa & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia & Oki Muraza, 2019. "Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Vannucci, Julián A. & Gatti, Martín N. & Cardaci, Nicolas & Nichio, Nora N., 2022. "Economic feasibility of a solketal production process from glycerol at small industrial scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 540-547.
    3. Falciglia, Pietro P. & Roccaro, Paolo & Bonanno, Lorenzo & De Guidi, Guido & Vagliasindi, Federico G.A. & Romano, Stefano, 2018. "A review on the microwave heating as a sustainable technique for environmental remediation/detoxification applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 147-170.
    4. Okoye, P.U. & Abdullah, A.Z. & Hameed, B.H., 2017. "A review on recent developments and progress in the kinetics and deactivation of catalytic acetylation of glycerol—A byproduct of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 387-401.
    5. Louise R. Smith & Mark Douthwaite & Karl Mugford & Nicholas F. Dummer & David J. Willock & Graham J. Hutchings & Stuart H. Taylor, 2022. "Recent Advances on the Valorization of Glycerol into Alcohols," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-22, August.
    6. Cornejo, A. & Barrio, I. & Campoy, M. & Lázaro, J. & Navarrete, B., 2017. "Oxygenated fuel additives from glycerol valorization. Main production pathways and effects on fuel properties and engine performance: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1400-1413.
    7. Ramalingam, Senthil & Ezhumalai, Manikandan & Govindasamy, Mohan, 2019. "Syngas: Derived from biodiesel and its influence on CI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    8. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Diego Luna & Felipa M. Bautista, 2019. "An Overview of the Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives by Glycerol Etherification, Either with Isobutene or tert -Butyl Alcohol, over Heterogeneous Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-20, June.
    9. Muhammad Harussani Moklis & Shou Cheng & Jeffrey S. Cross, 2023. "Current and Future Trends for Crude Glycerol Upgrading to High Value-Added Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    10. Bumbac, Gheorghe & Banu, Ionut, 2022. "Modeling and simulation process for solketal synthesis from glycerol and acetone by catalytic distillation in a modified structure of a divided wall column," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 662-675.
    11. Sedghi, Reza & Shahbeik, Hossein & Rastegari, Hajar & Rafiee, Shahin & Peng, Wanxi & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lam, Su Shiung & Pan, Junting & Tabatabaei, Meisam & A, 2022. "Turning biodiesel glycerol into oxygenated fuel additives and their effects on the behavior of internal combustion engines: A comprehensive systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    12. Yadav, Nidhi & Yadav, Gaurav & Ahmaruzzaman, Md., 2024. "Camellia sinensis leaf-assisted green synthesis of SO3H-functionalized ZnS/biochar nanocatalyst for highly selective solketal production and improved reusability in methylene blue dye adsorption," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    13. Alptekin, Ertan, 2017. "Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 44-52.

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