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Production of biodiesel from low priced, renewable and abundant date seed oil

Author

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  • Azeem, Muhammad Waqar
  • Hanif, Muhammad Asif
  • Al-Sabahi, Jamal Nasar
  • Khan, Asif Ali
  • Naz, Saima
  • Ijaz, Aliya

Abstract

The present work is definitely an approach towards attaining price competency of bio-diesel to petroleum diesel. The oils extracted from abundantly available waste of Zahidi, Basra and Khazravi date seeds were used to produce biodiesel using acid (HCl), base (KOH), immobilized enzyme (lipase), immobilized enzyme/acid (lipase/HCl) and immobilized enzyme/base (lipase/KOH) catalyzed processes. Mixed catalysis (immobilized enzyme + acid or immobilized enzyme + base) resulted in better yields in comparison to acid or base catalysis. The properties of biodiesel were evaluated by fuel standard tests and the results were compared with EN14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. Biodiesel produced from date seed oil was found to have a high cetane number (55–60.3), low iodine value (44–50) and good flash point (135–140 °C). Pour point of pure biodiesel produced from Khazravi and Zahidi was found to range from 2 to −2 °C. Biodiesel produced from Basra exhibited good pour point (−4.7 to −8.3 °C) in comparison to other varieties. The components present in biodiesel produced from various date varieties were determined by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses (GCMS). The fatty acid (%) detected in date seed biodiesel were oleic acid (33.4–47.4), lauric acid (19–28), palmitic acid (13.6–19.2), myristic acid (13.6–17.44) and linoleic acid (6.4–8.5). A special feature of date seed oil biodiesel was the presence of considerable amounts of low chain fatty acids.

Suggested Citation

  • Azeem, Muhammad Waqar & Hanif, Muhammad Asif & Al-Sabahi, Jamal Nasar & Khan, Asif Ali & Naz, Saima & Ijaz, Aliya, 2016. "Production of biodiesel from low priced, renewable and abundant date seed oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 124-132.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:86:y:2016:i:c:p:124-132
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Sajid, Zaman & Khan, Faisal & Zhang, Yan, 2017. "Integration of interpretive structural modelling with Bayesian network for biodiesel performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 194-203.
    3. Li, Lu & Zou, Changjun & Zhou, Lu & Lin, Lang, 2017. "Cucurbituril-protected Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 for optimized biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 14-22.
    4. Mohammed Kamil & Khalid Ramadan & Abdul Ghani Olabi & Chaouki Ghenai & Abrar Inayat & Mugdad H. Rajab, 2019. "Desert Palm Date Seeds as a Biodiesel Feedstock: Extraction, Characterization, and Engine Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Bazgha Ijaz & Muhammad Asif Hanif & Umer Rashid & Muhammad Zubair & Zahid Mushtaq & Haq Nawaz & Thomas Shean Yaw Choong & Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, 2020. "High Vacuum Fractional Distillation (HVFD) Approach for Quality and Performance Improvement of Azadirachta indica Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Alla Mohammed Alrefai & Raid Alrefai & Khaled Y. Benyounis & Joseph Stokes, 2021. "Biogas Produced by Anaerobic Digestion Process and Biodiesel from Date Seeds," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-41, August.
    7. Ziyad, Ben Ahmed & Yousfi, Mohamed & Vander Heyden, Yvan, 2022. "Effects of growing region and maturity stages on oil yield, fatty acid profile and tocopherols of Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruit and their implications on resulting biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 167-181.
    8. Faleh, Nahla & Khila, Zouhour & Wahada, Zeineb & Pons, Marie-Noëlle & Houas, Ammar & Hajjaji, Noureddine, 2018. "Exergo-environmental life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from mutton tallow transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 74-83.

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