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Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges

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  • Zeng, Xianlai
  • Li, Jinhui
  • Liu, Lili

Abstract

Consumer electronics (CE) and electric vehicles (EVs) associated with renewable and sustainable energy have been rapidly changing human lifestyles and transportation habits since 1990s. These active innovations have resulted in a large amount of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in China. At least two problems are declining the sustainability of production and final disposal of LiBs: one is potential environmental and health risk, and the other is that more and more valuable resources are being stored in spent LiBs without appropriate recycling. We found that a lack of effective regulation, collection systems and recycling technologies are major barriers and challenges to solve the problems. And in order to develop a comprehensive management scheme for this waste stream in China, we proposed a three-pronged approach: (1) new regulation or policy is quite a necessity to deal with the challenges unique to spent LiBs recycling; (2) collection systems for CE and EV batteries can be substantially established based upon past experience of general e-waste management and extended producer responsibility, respectively; and (3) more emphasis needs to be placed on new technology for spent LiBs recycling, to tackle the large quantities of stored spent LiBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeng, Xianlai & Li, Jinhui & Liu, Lili, 2015. "Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1759-1767.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:52:y:2015:i:c:p:1759-1767
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.014
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    13. Awasthi, Abhishek Kumar & Li, Jinhui, 2017. "Management of electrical and electronic waste: A comparative evaluation of China and India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 434-447.
    14. Lai, Xin & Huang, Yunfeng & Deng, Cong & Gu, Huanghui & Han, Xuebing & Zheng, Yuejiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Sorting, regrouping, and echelon utilization of the large-scale retired lithium batteries: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    15. A. Erin Bass & Birgitte Grøgaard, 2021. "The long-term energy transition: Drivers, outcomes, and the role of the multinational enterprise," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(5), pages 807-823, July.
    16. Idiano D’Adamo & Paolo Rosa, 2019. "A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-17, December.
    17. Du, Yufan & Li, Jie & Xu, Yuan, 2024. "Will carbon neutrality alleviate China's energy security concerns? – The strategic importance of critical metals in batteries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    18. Wu, Wei & Lin, Boqiang & Xie, Chunping & Elliott, Robert J.R. & Radcliffe, Jonathan, 2020. "Does energy storage provide a profitable second life for electric vehicle batteries?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    19. Troy, Stefanie & Schreiber, Andrea & Reppert, Thorsten & Gehrke, Hans-Gregor & Finsterbusch, Martin & Uhlenbruck, Sven & Stenzel, Peter, 2016. "Life Cycle Assessment and resource analysis of all-solid-state batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 757-767.
    20. Wang, Mengmeng & Liu, Kang & Dutta, Shanta & Alessi, Daniel S. & Rinklebe, Jörg & Ok, Yong Sik & Tsang, Daniel C.W., 2022. "Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    21. Zeng, Xianlai & Duan, Huabo & Wang, Feng & Li, Jinhui, 2017. "Examining environmental management of e-waste: China's experience and lessons," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1076-1082.

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