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A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Guangwen Zhang

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Zhongxing Du

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Yaqun He

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
    Advanced Analysis and Computation Center, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Haifeng Wang

    (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Weining Xie

    (Advanced Analysis and Computation Center, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
    Jiangsu Huahong Technology Stock Limited Company, Wuxi 214400, China)

  • Tao Zhang

    (Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China)

Abstract

The recovery of cathode and anode materials plays an important role in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Organic binders reduce the liberation efficiency and flotation efficiency of electrode materials derived from spent LIBs. In this study, pyrolysis technology is used to improve the recovery of cathode and anode materials from spent LIBs by removing organic binders. Pyrolysis characteristics of organics in electrode materials are investigated, and on this basis, the effects of pyrolysis parameters on the liberation efficiency of electrode materials are studied. Afterwards, flotation technology is used to separate cathode material from anode material. The results indicate that the optimum liberation efficiency of electrode materials is obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, a pyrolysis time of 15 min and a pyrolysis heating rate of 10 °C/min. At this time, the liberation efficiency of cathode materials is 98.23% and the liberation efficiency of anode materials is 98.89%. Phase characteristics of electrode materials cannot be changed under these pyrolysis conditions. Ultrasonic cleaning was used to remove pyrolytic residues to further improve the flotation efficiency of electrode materials. The cathode material grade was up to 93.89% with a recovery of 96.88% in the flotation process.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangwen Zhang & Zhongxing Du & Yaqun He & Haifeng Wang & Weining Xie & Tao Zhang, 2019. "A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:8:p:2363-:d:224552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeng, Xianlai & Li, Jinhui & Liu, Lili, 2015. "Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1759-1767.
    2. Jung Youn Mo & Wooyoung Jeon, 2018. "The Impact of Electric Vehicle Demand and Battery Recycling on Price Dynamics of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials: A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, August.
    3. Minfang Huang & Jing-Quan Li, 2016. "The Shortest Path Problems in Battery-Electric Vehicle Dispatching with Battery Renewal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-17, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yixuan Wang & Yajuan Yu & Kai Huang & Baojun Tang, 2019. "From the Perspective of Battery Production: Energy–Environment–Economy (3E) Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Harper, Gavin D.J. & Kendrick, Emma & Anderson, Paul A. & Mrozik, Wojciech & Christensen, Paul & Lambert, Simon & Greenwood, David & Das, Prodip K. & Ahmeid, Mohamed & Milojevic, Zoran & Du, Wenjia & , 2023. "Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118420, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Krystyna Giza & Beata Pospiech & Jerzy Gęga, 2023. "Future Technologies for Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) from Electric Vehicles—Overview of Latest Trends and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Tendai Tawonezvi & Myalelo Nomnqa & Leslie Petrik & Bernard Jan Bladergroen, 2023. "Recovery and Recycling of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-33, January.

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