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A Study on the Battery Recycling Process and Risk Estimation

Author

Listed:
  • Taeho Kim

    (Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Cheolhee Yoon

    (Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Seungho Jung

    (Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The demand for the use of secondary batteries is increasing rapidly worldwide in order to solve global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. Major minerals used to produce cathode materials, which are key raw materials for secondary batteries, are treated as conflict minerals due to their limited reserves, and accordingly, research on the battery recycling industry is urgent for the sustainable secondary battery industry. There is a significant risk of accidents because there is a lack of prior research data on the battery recycling process and various chemicals are used in the entire recycling process. Therefore, for the safety management of related industries, it is necessary to clearly grasp the battery recycling process and to estimate the risk accordingly. In this study, the process was generalized using the information on the battery recycling process suggested in the preceding literature. And to estimate the relative risk of each battery recycling process, the RAC (Risk Assessment Code) matrix described in the US Department of Defense’s “MIL-STD-882E” was used. Severity was derived by using “NFPA 704”, and probability was derived by combining generalized event analysis for each process and the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) report. The results confirmed that the process using H 2 SO 4 had the highest risk when extracting Li during the leaching process, and that dismantling and heat treatment had the lowest risk. Using the probability factor for each process calculated through the research, it is expected to be used in future battery recycling process research as basic data for quantitative risk assessment of the battery recycling process.

Suggested Citation

  • Taeho Kim & Cheolhee Yoon & Seungho Jung, 2024. "A Study on the Battery Recycling Process and Risk Estimation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(12), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:12:p:1649-:d:1540741
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeng, Xianlai & Li, Jinhui & Liu, Lili, 2015. "Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1759-1767.
    2. Ali, Hayder & Khan, Hassan Abbas & Pecht, Michael, 2022. "Preprocessing of spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling: Need, methods, and trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. J.-M. Tarascon & M. Armand, 2001. "Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6861), pages 359-367, November.
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