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Dynamic expansion planning in active distribution grid integrated with seasonally transferred battery swapping station and solar energy

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  • Hemmati, Reza

Abstract

This paper addresses a novel multi-stage dynamic distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) taking into account the electric vehicle (EV) charging station based on the battery swapping model. The battery swapping station (BSS) is transferred seasonally and integrated to different buses in various seasons in order to defer the investment on the new lines. The BSS is as well integrated with rooftop solar panels. The uncertainties of loads and renewable energies are taken into account and handled by stochastic programming. The charging scheduling is optimized for all the batteries inside the BSS. A comparative study is presented for 3 cases including expansion planning without BSS, planning with a fixed location of BSS, and the proposed method (i.e., planning with seasonally transferred BSS). The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed model transfers the BSS every six months, where, it is installed on bus 25 in seasons 1 and 2, and on bus 17 in seasons 3 and 4. The congested lines such as lines 2 to 19, 16 to 17, and 6 to 7 are expanded by installing new lines in years 2, 4, and 5, respectively. The BSS sends power to the external grid in on-peak loading times such as hours 12 to 15 and 18 to 21. The proposed model reduces the planning cost by 5% compared to the expansion planning with a fixed location for BSS.

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  • Hemmati, Reza, 2023. "Dynamic expansion planning in active distribution grid integrated with seasonally transferred battery swapping station and solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:277:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223011131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mehrjerdi, Hasan & Mahdavi, Sajad & Hemmati, Reza, 2021. "Resilience maximization through mobile battery storage and diesel DG in integrated electrical and heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Zhan, Weipeng & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Liu, Peng & Cui, Dingsong & Dorrell, David G., 2022. "A review of siting, sizing, optimal scheduling, and cost-benefit analysis for battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    3. Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Shang, Yitong & Shao, Ziyun & Jia, Youwei & Jian, Linni, 2022. "Electric vehicles integration and vehicle-to-grid operation in active distribution grids: A comprehensive review on power architectures, grid connection standards and typical applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    4. Zhou, Wenbin & Cleaver, Christopher J. & Dunant, Cyrille F. & Allwood, Julian M. & Lin, Jianguo, 2023. "Cost, range anxiety and future electricity supply: A review of how today's technology trends may influence the future uptake of BEVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    5. Afshar, Shahab & Macedo, Pablo & Mohamed, Farog & Disfani, Vahid, 2021. "Mobile charging stations for electric vehicles — A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    6. Hemmati, Reza & Mehrjerdi, Hasan & Bornapour, Mosayeb, 2020. "Hybrid hydrogen-battery storage to smooth solar energy volatility and energy arbitrage considering uncertain electrical-thermal loads," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1180-1187.
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    1. Vladislav Volnyi & Pavel Ilyushin & Konstantin Suslov & Sergey Filippov, 2023. "Approaches to Building AC and AC–DC Microgrids on Top of Existing Passive Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-26, August.

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