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A modified multi-ground-layer model for borehole ground heat exchangers with an inhomogeneous groundwater flow

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  • Lee, C.K.
  • Lam, H.N.

Abstract

A modified model for a borehole ground heat exchanger borefield (BHE) of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system was developed based on a three-dimensional finite difference scheme which could cater for multiple ground layers and an inhomogeneous groundwater flow in the soil. The model was validated using FLUENT for a single borehole based on a constant load along the effective length of the borehole with good agreement. The present model was then used to investigate the effect of the groundwater table on the performance of the BHE. It was found that with the borehole partially-submerged in groundwater flow, the borehole specific load along the borehole depth became stratified, the extent of which depended on the various parameter values. The borehole thermal resistance also varied with the relative groundwater table and the groundwater flow velocity. The trends of the fluid temperature leaving a borehole were quite different between the situations when the borehole was partially-submerged in groundwater flow and the case with a full groundwater flow. This meant that the use of an effective groundwater flow velocity to account for the groundwater table effect in a full-groundwater-flow BHE model could be erroneous, particularly for simulation of a large BHE.

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  • Lee, C.K. & Lam, H.N., 2012. "A modified multi-ground-layer model for borehole ground heat exchangers with an inhomogeneous groundwater flow," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 378-387.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:47:y:2012:i:1:p:378-387
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.056
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, C.K., 2011. "Effects of multiple ground layers on thermal response test analysis and ground-source heat pump simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4405-4410.
    2. Lee, C.K. & Lam, H.N., 2008. "Computer simulation of borehole ground heat exchangers for geothermal heat pump systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1286-1296.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Li, Chao & Guan, Yanling & Wang, Xing & Li, Gaopeng & Zhou, Cong & Xun, Yingjiu, 2018. "Experimental and numerical studies on heat transfer characteristics of vertical deep-buried U-bend pipe to supply heat in buildings with geothermal energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 689-701.
    3. Hobyung Chae & Katsunori Nagano & Yoshitaka Sakata & Takao Katsura & Ahmed A. Serageldin & Takeshi Kondo, 2020. "Analysis of Relaxation Time of Temperature in Thermal Response Test for Design of Borehole Size," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
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    5. Zanchini, E. & Lazzari, S., 2014. "New g-functions for the hourly simulation of double U-tube borehole heat exchanger fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 444-455.
    6. Yong Li & Shibin Geng & Xu Han & Hua Zhang & Fusheng Peng, 2017. "Performance Evaluation of Borehole Heat Exchanger in Multilayered Subsurface," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, March.
    7. Wenke Zhang & Hongxing Yang & Lin Lu & Zhaohong Fang, 2017. "Investigation on the heat transfer of energy piles with two-dimensional groundwater flow," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 43-50.
    8. Ahmed A. Serageldin & Ali Radwan & Yoshitaka Sakata & Takao Katsura & Katsunori Nagano, 2020. "The Effect of Groundwater Flow on the Thermal Performance of a Novel Borehole Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems: Small Scale Experiments and Numerical Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-26, March.
    9. Zhou, Xuezhi & Gao, Qing & Chen, Xiangliang & Yu, Ming & Zhao, Xiaowen, 2013. "Numerically simulating the thermal behaviors in groundwater wells of groundwater heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 240-247.
    10. Choi, Wonjun & Ooka, Ryozo, 2016. "Effect of natural convection on thermal response test conducted in saturated porous formation: Comparison of gravel-backfilled and cement-grouted borehole heat exchangers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 891-903.
    11. Gan, Guohui, 2018. "Dynamic thermal performance of horizontal ground source heat pumps – The impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 877-887.
    12. Lee, C.K. & Lam, H.N., 2013. "A simplified model of energy pile for ground-source heat pump systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 838-845.
    13. Loveridge, Fleur & Powrie, William, 2013. "Temperature response functions (G-functions) for single pile heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 554-564.
    14. Zhao, Zilong & Lin, Yu-Feng & Stumpf, Andrew & Wang, Xinlei, 2022. "Assessing impacts of groundwater on geothermal heat exchangers: A review of methodology and modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 121-147.
    15. Lee, C.K., 2016. "A modified three-dimensional numerical model for predicting the short-time-step performance of borehole ground heat exchangers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 618-627.
    16. Chae, Hobyung & Bae, Sangmu & Jeong, Jae-Weon & Nam, Yujin, 2024. "Performance and economic analysis for optimal length of borehole heat exchanger considering effects of groundwater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    17. Shim, B.O. & Park, C.-H., 2013. "Ground thermal conductivity for (ground source heat pumps) GSHPs in Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 167-174.
    18. Carotenuto, Alberto & Ciccolella, Michela & Massarotti, Nicola & Mauro, Alessandro, 2016. "Models for thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in low enthalpy geothermal energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 330-355.
    19. Jinli Xie & Yinghong Qin, 2021. "Heat Transfer and Bearing Characteristics of Energy Piles: Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    20. Jin, Guang & Li, Zheng & Guo, Shaopeng & Wu, Xuan & Wu, Wenfei & Zhang, Kai, 2020. "Thermal performance analysis of multiple borehole heat exchangers in multilayer geotechnical media," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    21. Li, Huai & Nagano, Katsunori & Lai, Yuanxiang & Shibata, Kazuo & Fujii, Hikari, 2013. "Evaluating the performance of a large borehole ground source heat pump for greenhouses in northern Japan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 387-399.
    22. Chao Huan & Sha Zhang & Xiaoxuan Zhao & Shengteng Li & Bo Zhang & Yujiao Zhao & Pengfei Tao, 2021. "Thermal Performance of Cemented Paste Backfill Body Considering Its Slurry Sedimentary Characteristics in Underground Backfill Stopes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    23. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
    24. Zhang, Weiyi & Zhou, Haiyang & Bao, Xiaohua & Cui, Hongzhi, 2023. "Outlet water temperature prediction of energy pile based on spatial-temporal feature extraction through CNN–LSTM hybrid model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    25. Tye-Gingras, Maxime & Gosselin, Louis, 2014. "Generic ground response functions for ground exchangers in the presence of groundwater flow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 354-366.

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