IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v218y2023ics0960148123012466.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Revisiting salt hydrate selection for domestic heat storage applications

Author

Listed:
  • Mazur, Natalia
  • Blijlevens, Melian A.R.
  • Ruliaman, Rick
  • Fischer, Hartmut
  • Donkers, Pim
  • Meekes, Hugo
  • Vlieg, Elias
  • Adan, Olaf
  • Huinink, Henk

Abstract

In this work, we evaluate 454 salt hydrates and 1073 unique hydration reactions in search of suitable materials for domestic heat storage. The salts and reactions are evaluated based on their scarcity, toxicity, (chemical) stability and energy density (>1 GJ/m3) and alignment with 3 use case scenarios. These scenarios are based on space heating (T > 30 °C) and hot water (T > 55 °C) to be provided by discharge as well as on heat sources available in the built environment (T < 160 °C) for charging. From all evaluated materials, only 8 salts and 9 reactions (K2CO3 0–1.5, LiCl 0–1, NaI 0–2, NaCH3COO 0–3, (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2 0–6, SrBr2 1–6, CaC2O4 0–1, SrCl2 0–1 and 0–2) fulfil all of the criteria. Provided a suitable stabilisation method is found additional 4 salts and 13 reactions (CaBr2 6-0, CaCl2 6-0, 6-1, 6-2, 4-0, 4-1, 4-2, LiBr 2-0, 2-1, 2-0, LiCl 2-0, 2-1, ZnBr2 2-0) From this selection, only 2 salts/reactions (NaI and (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2) have not been extensively studied in the literature. Moreover, many well-investigated salt hydrates, such as MgSO4 and LiOH, did not pass our screening. This work underlines the scarcity of materials suitable for domestic applications and the need to broaden the scope of future evaluations.

Suggested Citation

  • Mazur, Natalia & Blijlevens, Melian A.R. & Ruliaman, Rick & Fischer, Hartmut & Donkers, Pim & Meekes, Hugo & Vlieg, Elias & Adan, Olaf & Huinink, Henk, 2023. "Revisiting salt hydrate selection for domestic heat storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:218:y:2023:i:c:s0960148123012466
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119331
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148123012466
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119331?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jack P. C. Kleijnen & Wim C. M. van Beers, 2022. "Statistical Tests for Cross-Validation of Kriging Models," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 34(1), pages 607-621, January.
    2. Deutsch, Markus & Müller, Danny & Aumeyr, Christian & Jordan, Christian & Gierl-Mayer, Christian & Weinberger, Peter & Winter, Franz & Werner, Andreas, 2016. "Systematic search algorithm for potential thermochemical energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 113-120.
    3. Ait Ousaleh, Hanane & Sair, Said & Zaki, Abdelali & Younes, Abboud & Faik, Abdessamad & El Bouari, Abdeslam, 2020. "Advanced experimental investigation of double hydrated salts and their composite for improved cycling stability and metal compatibility for long-term heat storage technologies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 447-457.
    4. Scapino, Luca & Zondag, Herbert A. & Van Bael, Johan & Diriken, Jan & Rindt, Camilo C.M., 2017. "Sorption heat storage for long-term low-temperature applications: A review on the advancements at material and prototype scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 920-948.
    5. Chate, Akshay & Sharma, Rakesh & S, Srinivasa Murthy & Dutta, Pradip, 2022. "Studies on a potassium carbonate salt hydrate based thermochemical energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    6. Aydin, Devrim & Casey, Sean P. & Chen, Xiangjie & Riffat, Saffa, 2018. "Numerical and experimental analysis of a novel heat pump driven sorption storage heater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 954-974.
    7. Marín, P.E. & Milian, Y. & Ushak, S. & Cabeza, L.F. & Grágeda, M. & Shire, G.S.F., 2021. "Lithium compounds for thermochemical energy storage: A state-of-the-art review and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Mehrabadi, Abbas & Farid, Mohammed, 2018. "New salt hydrate composite for low-grade thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 194-203.
    9. Sögütoglu, L.C. & Donkers, P.A.J. & Fischer, H.R. & Huinink, H.P. & Adan, O.C.G., 2018. "In-depth investigation of thermochemical performance in a heat battery: Cyclic analysis of K2CO3, MgCl2 and Na2S," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 159-173.
    10. Houben, Jelle & Sögütoglu, Leyla & Donkers, Pim & Huinink, Henk & Adan, Olaf, 2020. "K2CO3 in closed heat storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 35-44.
    11. Tatsidjodoung, Parfait & Le Pierrès, Nolwenn & Luo, Lingai, 2013. "A review of potential materials for thermal energy storage in building applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 327-349.
    12. Michel, Benoit & Mazet, Nathalie & Neveu, Pierre, 2014. "Experimental investigation of an innovative thermochemical process operating with a hydrate salt and moist air for thermal storage of solar energy: Global performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 177-186.
    13. Gaeini, M. & Rouws, A.L. & Salari, J.W.O. & Zondag, H.A. & Rindt, C.C.M., 2018. "Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1165-1177.
    14. Englmair, Gerald & Moser, Christoph & Furbo, Simon & Dannemand, Mark & Fan, Jianhua, 2018. "Design and functionality of a segmented heat-storage prototype utilizing stable supercooling of sodium acetate trihydrate in a solar heating system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 522-534.
    15. Xu, Tianhao & Gunasekara, Saman Nimali & Chiu, Justin Ningwei & Palm, Björn & Sawalha, Samer, 2020. "Thermal behavior of a sodium acetate trihydrate-based PCM: T-history and full-scale tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    16. Salviati, Sergio & Carosio, Federico & Cantamessa, Francesco & Medina, Lilian & Berglund, Lars A. & Saracco, Guido & Fina, Alberto, 2020. "Ice-templated nanocellulose porous structure enhances thermochemical storage kinetics in hydrated salt/graphite composites," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 698-706.
    17. Stengler, Jana & Bürger, Inga & Linder, Marc, 2020. "Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of the SrBr2 hydration and dehydration reactions for thermochemical energy storage and heat transformation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    18. Donkers, P.A.J. & Sögütoglu, L.C. & Huinink, H.P. & Fischer, H.R. & Adan, O.C.G., 2017. "A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 45-68.
    19. Marias, Foivos & Neveu, Pierre & Tanguy, Gwennyn & Papillon, Philippe, 2014. "Thermodynamic analysis and experimental study of solid/gas reactor operating in open mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 757-765.
    20. N’Tsoukpoe, Kokouvi Edem & Schmidt, Thomas & Rammelberg, Holger Urs & Watts, Beatriz Amanda & Ruck, Wolfgang K.L., 2014. "A systematic multi-step screening of numerous salt hydrates for low temperature thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-16.
    21. Zhang, Hong & Yan, Ting & Yu, Nan & Li, Z.H. & Pan, Q.W., 2022. "Sorption based long-term thermal energy storage with strontium chloride/ammonia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    22. Knoll, Christian & Müller, Danny & Artner, Werner & Welch, Jan M. & Werner, Andreas & Harasek, Michael & Weinberger, Peter, 2017. "Probing cycle stability and reversibility in thermochemical energy storage – CaC2O4·H2O as perfect match?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 1-9.
    23. Li, Wei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2022. "Salt hydrate–based gas-solid thermochemical energy storage: Current progress, challenges, and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    24. Zhao, Y.J. & Wang, R.Z. & Li, T.X. & Nomura, Y., 2016. "Investigation of a 10 kWh sorption heat storage device for effective utilization of low-grade thermal energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 739-747.
    25. Ji, Wenjie & Zhang, Heng & Liu, Shuli & Wang, Zhihao & Deng, Shihan, 2022. "An experimental study on the binary hydrated salt composite zeolite for improving thermochemical energy storage performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1163-1173.
    26. Yan, T. & Wang, R.Z. & Li, T.X. & Wang, L.W. & Fred, Ishugah T., 2015. "A review of promising candidate reactions for chemical heat storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 13-31.
    27. Aarts, Joey & van Ravensteijn, Bas & Fischer, Hartmut & Adan, Olaf & Huinink, Henk, 2023. "Polymeric stabilization of salt hydrates for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Wei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2022. "Salt hydrate–based gas-solid thermochemical energy storage: Current progress, challenges, and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Mukherjee, Ankit & Pujari, Ankush Shankar & Shinde, Shraddha Nitin & Kashyap, Uddip & Kumar, Lalit & Subramaniam, Chandramouli & Saha, Sandip K., 2022. "Performance assessment of open thermochemical energy storage system for seasonal space heating in highly humid environment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 204-223.
    3. N’Tsoukpoe, Kokouvi Edem & Kuznik, Frédéric, 2021. "A reality check on long-term thermochemical heat storage for household applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Donkers, P.A.J. & Sögütoglu, L.C. & Huinink, H.P. & Fischer, H.R. & Adan, O.C.G., 2017. "A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 45-68.
    5. Mohamed Zbair & Simona Bennici, 2021. "Survey Summary on Salts Hydrates and Composites Used in Thermochemical Sorption Heat Storage: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-33, May.
    6. Benjamin Fumey & Luca Baldini, 2021. "Static Temperature Guideline for Comparative Testing of Sorption Heat Storage Systems for Building Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    7. Zhang, Yong & Hu, Mingke & Chen, Ziwei & Su, Yuehong & Riffat, Saffa, 2024. "Exploring a novel tubular-type modular reactor for solar-driven thermochemical energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    8. Li, Wei & Markides, Christos N. & Zeng, Min & Peng, Jian, 2024. "4E evaluations of salt hydrate-based solar thermochemical heat transformer system used for domestic hot water production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    9. Shkatulov, A.I. & Houben, J. & Fischer, H. & Huinink, H.P., 2020. "Stabilization of K2CO3 in vermiculite for thermochemical energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 990-1000.
    10. Bennici, Simona & Dutournié, Patrick & Cathalan, Jérémy & Zbair, Mohamed & Nguyen, Minh Hoang & Scuiller, Elliot & Vaulot, Cyril, 2022. "Heat storage: Hydration investigation of MgSO4/active carbon composites, from material development to domestic applications scenarios," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    11. Fumey, B. & Weber, R. & Baldini, L., 2019. "Sorption based long-term thermal energy storage – Process classification and analysis of performance limitations: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 57-74.
    12. Li, Wei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2020. "Development and characteristics analysis of salt-hydrate based composite sorbent for low-grade thermochemical energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 920-940.
    13. Isye Hayatina & Amar Auckaili & Mohammed Farid, 2023. "Review on Salt Hydrate Thermochemical Heat Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, June.
    14. Han, Xiaojing & Liu, Shuli & Zeng, Cheng & Yang, Liu & Shukla, Ashish & Shen, Yongliang, 2020. "Investigating the performance enhancement of copper fins on trapezoidal thermochemical reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1037-1046.
    15. Michel, Benoit & Mazet, Nathalie & Neveu, Pierre, 2016. "Experimental investigation of an open thermochemical process operating with a hydrate salt for thermal storage of solar energy: Local reactive bed evolution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 234-244.
    16. Bryan Li & Louise Buisson & Ruby-Jean Clark & Svetlana Ushak & Mohammed Farid, 2024. "A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, January.
    17. Luo, Xinyi & Li, Wei & Zhang, Lianjie & Zeng, Min & Klemeš, Jirí Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang, 2023. "Effects evaluation of Fin layouts and configurations on discharging performance of double-pipe thermochemical energy storage reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    18. Clark, Ruby-Jean & Farid, Mohammed, 2022. "Experimental investigation into cascade thermochemical energy storage system using SrCl2-cement and zeolite-13X materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    19. Emanuela Mastronardo & Emanuele La Mazza & Davide Palamara & Elpida Piperopoulos & Daniela Iannazzo & Edoardo Proverbio & Candida Milone, 2022. "Organic Salt Hydrate as a Novel Paradigm for Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.
    20. Gaeini, M. & Rouws, A.L. & Salari, J.W.O. & Zondag, H.A. & Rindt, C.C.M., 2018. "Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1165-1177.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:218:y:2023:i:c:s0960148123012466. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.